Effectiveness of the Z-Track Technique As a Pain-Reducing Strategy for Neonates During Intramuscular Injection: a Randomized Controlled Trial
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 已完成
- 入组人数
- 147
- 试验地点
- 1
- 主要终点
- Neonatal/ Infant Pain Scale
研究概览
简要总结
A quantitative study, true experimental, posttest-only design has been used for the current study. one intervention (the Z-track technique) and one control group involved in the study. The primary outcome measure is the Neonatal/Infant Pain Scale to be used immediately after intramuscular injections to measure the pain level among neonates.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Interventional
- 分配方式
- Randomized
- 干预模型
- Parallel
- 主要目的
- Supportive Care
- 盲法
- Single (Outcomes Assessor)
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 5 Minutes 至 2 Hours（Child）
- 性别
- All
- 接受健康志愿者
- 否
入选标准
- •Neonates delivered through cesarean section
- •Apgar score of 8 or more
- •Weight between 2500 - 3500 grams
- •neonates receiving IM injections
- •Males / females
- •term neonates between 37th and 42nd week of gestation
排除标准
- •Congenital anomalies
- •neonates who received intramuscular injection such as the Hepatitis B vaccine
- •Low birth weight
- •Neural tube defects
- •neonates who are of normal vaginal delivery
研究组 & 干预措施
Z-track technique
To perform the zeta-track technique: In this method, the neonates are in supine position, the skin is moved and held from the injection site 2 to 3 cm to the side or downward using the non- dominant hand, to ensure that blood vessel wasn't penetrated aspiration on the syringe must perceive the injection and then the medication is to be injected slowly. Researcher assistant that is unaware of the injection method performs the recording of the pain intensity and leakage diameter on the observation form.
干预措施: Z-track technique (Other)
Control group
the neonates receive the intramuscular injection using the conventional method and protocol used in the postnatal ward without any interventions
结局指标
主要结局
Neonatal/ Infant Pain Scale
时间窗: from the process of enrollment at the post-natal ward until the IM injection is administered (usually takes less than 1 hour)
A scale developed specifically for newborn infants. Consists of 6 criterion (Face Expression, cry, Patterns of Breathing, leg and arm movements, Arousal status) Recommended for children less than 1 year old.
次要结局
未报告次要终点
研究者
Haider Jumaa Kareem
Academic Nurse
University of Baghdad