The Effects and Underlying Mechanisms of Novel Coronavirus Infection on Reproductive Function and Assisted Pregnancy Outcome

In this multicenter, prospective, observational cohort study, we included infertile couples based on inclusion criteria. The couples were asked to fill in the SAS anxiety self-rating scale. Basic information about patients' vaccination status, symptoms related to viral infection, menstruation, sexual desire, and sexual function were obtained. Blood samples of couples were collected on the date of diagnosis, the start date of the fresh cycle during assisted reproductive technology treatment, the day of oocyte retrieval, the day of embryo transfer, the day of 14 days, 35 days after embryo transfer, and the day of 70 days of gestation. Follicular fluid, granulosa cells on the day of oocyte retrieval, and embryo culture fluid on the day of embryo transfer were collected. Blood samples and endometrial tissues were collected five days after oocyte retrieval. Blood samples from the menstrual period, endometrial transformation day, and embryo transfer day of the frozen embryo transfer cycle were also collected. Then C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, procalcitonin and IL-6, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), TNF-α, VEGF, and other cytokines and chemokines were determined. In addition, fasting blood glucose, insulin, blood lipids, alpha-function, renin-angiotensinase, I-aldosterone, and other susceptibility indicators to COVID-19 infection were tested. Oxygen saturation, malondialdehyde (MDA), HO-1, and SOD oxidative stress indices of the fingertip pulse were determined. An endometrial receptivity gene chip and proteomics detected endometrial tissue. A panel kit for blood vessel and inflammation indicators detected the abortion decidua tissue. Reproductive function indices AMH, INHB, sex hormones, follicle retrieval rate, Gn days, total Gn, endometrial thickness, the incidence of OHSS, semen quality, oocyte maturation rate, fertilization rate, qualified embryo rate, blastocyst formation rate, and other laboratory indices of both men and women were collected. Assisted pregnancy outcome: clinical pregnancy rate, embryo implantation rate, early abortion rate, ongoing pregnancy rate, and other clinical indicators, as well as psychological indicators such as the SAS anxiety scale, were analyzed to determine the correlation between the above indicators and ART-related pregnancy outcome.