The Effects of 8 Weeks Post Exercise Hot Water Immersion on Vascular and Cardiometabolic Health in Physically Inactive Middle-aged Adults
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 已完成
- 入组人数
- 24
- 试验地点
- 2
- 主要终点
- Change in resting diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)
研究概览
简要总结
This research project aims to determine whether post exercise hot water immersion can improve vascular and cardiometabolic health to a greater extent than post exercise thermoneutral water immersion in healthy middle-aged adults.
The study will take place over an 8 week period where participants will do a combination of aerobic exercise and water immersion 3 times per week. The study will be a randomised controlled trial comparing 8-weeks of post exercise hot water immersion (EX+HWI) to post exercise thermoneutral water immersion (EX+TNWI).
详细描述
The exercise component of each intervention will be 30 minutes of moderate intensity aerobic exercise consisting of 10 minutes cycling, jogging and rowing, three times per week. Exercise intensity will be maintained at a heart rate equivalent of 65% of maximal heart rate. All exercise sessions will take the form of supervised group exercise sessions (<4 participants) at Coventry University. After 30 minutes of exercise, participants will either complete 30 minutes of whole-body hot water immersion at 40°C or thermoneutral immersion at 34°C in the control condition (similar protocols are known to be well tolerated in older adults) (Akerman et al. 2019; Brunt et al. 2016). In order to ensure progression, exercise intensity will be increase to 75% of maximal heart rate according to the maximal exercise test at 4 weeks.
Assessment sessions will take place before session 1 and >48hrs after session 12 and 24. Prior to arriving at the lab participants will complete an overnight fast. Participants will also refrain from consuming alcoholic and caffeinated beverages, nitrate high sources and any form of strenuous exercise in the 24hr time period prior to testing. All testing laboratory visits will be completed in the morning and where possible at the same time of day to help standardise for any potential variations that the circadian rhythm may have on the measured variables.
Assessments will be completed over two days. The outcome measures for this study comprise a range of physiological psychological measures which are known to inform the risk of cardiovascular disease. These measures fall into the following broad categories 1) vascular health; 2) cardiometabolic and inflammatory blood markers; 3) maximal exercise test and 4) cardiovascular disease risk prediction. In addition, measures of intervention acceptability and basic physiological heat acclimation measures will also be assessed.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Interventional
- 分配方式
- Randomized
- 干预模型
- Parallel
- 主要目的
- Treatment
- 盲法
- Triple (Participant, Care Provider, Investigator)
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 45 Years 至 65 Years（Adult, Older Adult）
- 性别
- All
- 接受健康志愿者
- 是
入选标准
- •Aged between 45 - 65 years
- •If female and post-menopausal (12 months without a period and not taking HRT)
- •Body mass index (BMI) 18.5 - 34.9kg/m2
- •Participated in less than 150 mins of moderate intensity physical activity or 75 mins of vigorous or a combination of both over the last 6 months.
排除标准
- •Previous myocardial infarction or cerebrovascular event
- •Any signs or symptoms of cardiovascular issues
- •High blood pressure: SBP >180 mmHg and / or DBP >100 mmHg
- •Orthostatic hypotension: Drop of SBP > 20mmHg and / or DBP >10 mmHg upon standing.
- •Changed blood pressure medication in the 6-month period prior to the study
- •Plan to change any form of relevant medication during study period
- •Suffers from diabetes
- •Suffers from severe asthma
- •Currently have any infections or symptoms of an infection (e.g. COVID-19 etc)
- •Suffers from a neurodegenerative disease
- •Cannot understand and/or fully cooperate with the study protocol
- •Exercise-limiting comorbidity (e.g. angina, chronic lung disease, arthritis etc)
- •Severe peripheral neuropathy (cannot sense temperature)
- •Current smoker or have stopped in the last 3 months
- •Any skin conditions including ulcerations
- •Exposed to high temperatures in the last 4-weeks (e.g. holiday, spa, sun beds etc)
- •Use of antioxidant supplements in the last 6-weeks
结局指标
主要结局
Change in resting diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)
时间窗: Measurements taken the week before the study, >48hrs after 4 weeks and >48hrs after 8 weeks
Measured using an automated blood pressure cuff
Change in flow mediated dilation (%)
时间窗: Measurements taken the week before the study, >48hrs after 4 weeks and >48hrs after 8 weeks
Terason ultrasound recording after brachial artery occlusion
Change in circulating serum Interleukin-8 (pg/ml)
时间窗: Measurements taken the week before the study, >48hrs after 4 weeks and >48hrs after 8 weeks
Venous blood sample
Change in circulating serum Matrix metallopeptidase-2 (pg/ml)
时间窗: Measurements taken the week before the study, >48hrs after 4 weeks and >48hrs after 8 weeks
Venous blood sample
Change in circulating total cholesterol (mmol/L)
时间窗: Measurements taken the week before the study, >48hrs after 4 weeks and >48hrs after 8 weeks
Venous blood sample
Change in resting mean arterial blood pressure (mmHg)
时间窗: Measurements taken the week before the study, >48hrs after 4 weeks and >48hrs after 8 weeks
Measured using an automated blood pressure cuff
Change in beta stifnness index
时间窗: Measurements taken the week before the study, >48hrs after 4 weeks and >48hrs after 8 weeks
Calculated using systolic, diastolic blood pressure from automated blood pressure cuff and vessel diameter from Terason ultrasound image of brachial and femoral arteries
Change in circulating serum Interleukin-10 (pg/ml)
时间窗: Measurements taken the week before the study, >48hrs after 4 weeks and >48hrs after 8 weeks
Venous blood sample
Change in circulating serum Interleukin-1Ra (pg/ml)
时间窗: Measurements taken the week before the study, >48hrs after 4 weeks and >48hrs after 8 weeks
Venous blood sample
Change in resting systolic blood pressure (mmHg)
时间窗: Measurements taken the week before the study, >48hrs after 4 weeks and >48hrs after 8 weeks
Measured using an automated blood pressure cuff
Change in pulse wave velocity (ms-1)
时间窗: Measurements taken the week before the study, >48hrs after 4 weeks and >48hrs after 8 weeks
SphygmoCor XCEL measuring carotid to femoral arterial stiffness
Change in intima-media thickness (mm)
时间窗: Measurements taken the week before the study, >48hrs after 4 weeks and >48hrs after 8 weeks
Terason ultrasound image to measure wall thickness from the lumen-intima interface to the media-adventitia interface of the brachial and femoral arteries
Change in dynamic arterial compliance (mm2)
时间窗: Measurements taken the week before the study, >48hrs after 4 weeks and >48hrs after 8 weeks
Calculated using pulse pressure from automated blood pressure cuff and vessel diameter from Terasol ultrasound image of brachial and femoral arteries
Change in circulating serum Interleukin-6 (pg/ml)
时间窗: Measurements taken the week before the study, >48hrs after 4 weeks and >48hrs after 8 weeks
Venous blood sample
Change in circulating low density lipoproteins (mmol/L)
时间窗: Measurements taken the week before the study, >48hrs after 4 weeks and >48hrs after 8 weeks
Venous blood sample
Change in circulating Triglycerides (mmol/L)
时间窗: Measurements taken the week before the study, >48hrs after 4 weeks and >48hrs after 8 weeks
Venous blood sample
Change in circulating basal glucose (mmol/L)
时间窗: Measurements taken the week before the study, >48hrs after 4 weeks and >48hrs after 8 weeks
Venous blood sample
Change in maximal oxygen uptake (ml/kg/min)
时间窗: Measurements taken the week before the study, >48hrs after 4 weeks and >48hrs after 8 weeks
Maximal oxygen uptake
Change in glucose tolerance (mmol/L)
时间窗: Measurements taken the week before the study, >48hrs after 4 weeks and >48hrs after 8 weeks
Oral glucose tolerance test through fingertip capillary blood samples at 15 minute intervals for the first 1 hour and 30 minute intervals for the second hour
Change in circulating serum TNF-α (pg/ml)
时间窗: Measurements taken the week before the study, >48hrs after 4 weeks and >48hrs after 8 weeks
Venous blood sample
Change in circulating Endothelin-1 (pg/ml)
时间窗: Measurements taken the week before the study, >48hrs after 4 weeks and >48hrs after 8 weeks
Venous blood sample
Circulating serum Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (pg/ml)
时间窗: Measurements taken the week before the study, >48hrs after 4 weeks and >48hrs after 8 weeks
Venous blood sample
Change in circulating serum Matrix metallopeptidase-9 (pg/ml)
时间窗: Measurements taken the week before the study, >48hrs after 4 weeks and >48hrs after 8 weeks
Venous blood sample
Change in circulating high density lipoproteins (mmol/L)
时间窗: Measurements taken the week before the study, >48hrs after 4 weeks and >48hrs after 8 weeks
Venous blood sample
Change in circulating glycated haemoglobin (%)
时间窗: Measurements taken the week before the study, >48hrs after 4 weeks and >48hrs after 8 weeks
Venous blood sample
次要结局
- Change in Framingham risk score(Measurements taken the week before the study, >48hrs after 4 weeks and >48hrs after 8 weeks)
- Change in resting heart rate (bpm)(Measurements taken the week before the study, >48hrs after 4 weeks and >48hrs after 8 weeks)
- Change in rectal core temperature (°C)(Measurements taken the week before the study, >48hrs after 4 weeks and >48hrs after 8 weeks)
- Change in thermal comfort(Measurements taken pre and post visit 1, 12 (4 weeks) and 24 (8 weeks))
- Change in thermal sensation(Measurements taken pre and post visit 1, 12 (4 weeks) and 24 (8 weeks))
- Body mass index (kg/m²)(Measurements taken the week before the study, >48hrs after 4 weeks and >48hrs after 8 weeks)
- Change in basic affect(Measurements taken pre and post visit 1, 12 (4 weeks) and 24 (8 weeks))
- Change in physical activity enjoyment(Measurements taken pre and post visit 1, 12 (4 weeks) and 24 (8 weeks))
研究者
Charles Steward
Post Graduate Research Student
Coventry University