Effects of a Tactical Programme for Critical Thinking (TPCT) on Tactical Efficiency in Elite Women's Underwater Rugby: a Randomised Controlled Trial
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 已完成
- 发起方
- 入组人数
- 24
- 试验地点
- 2
- 主要终点
- Overall tactical efficiency (RUSTAC overall index)
研究概览
简要总结
This randomized controlled trial evaluates whether adding a short, structured team-reflection protocol (Tactical Programme for Critical Thinking, TPCT) to regular elite women's underwater rugby training improves tactical efficiency. Both groups complete the same training content and time; the TPCT group uses brief guided discussion during recovery intervals, while the control group uses the same time for passive recovery. Tactical efficiency is assessed using video-recorded 3v3 scrimmages coded with the RUSTAC checklist at baseline and after 6 weeks.
详细描述
A parallel, two-arm randomized controlled trial will be conducted in an elite women's underwater rugby squad. Players will be allocated 1:1 to TPCT or an active control condition using a computer-generated random sequence. The intervention consists of 18 sessions over 6 weeks (3/week), 2 hours per session, delivered in an outdoor 4 m pool and a marked 10 m × 8 m underwater area. Sessions include a short coach introduction (~15 min), constrained small-sided games designed to elicit target tactical principles, and ≥60 min free-play (≥50% of session) to preserve representativeness and transfer. The TPCT condition embeds ~3 min structured reflection between small-sided bouts using a fixed 5-question protocol aligned to critical thinking operations; the control condition uses equivalent between-bout time for passive recovery/hydration.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Interventional
- 分配方式
- Randomized
- 干预模型
- Parallel
- 主要目的
- Treatment
- 盲法
- Single (Outcomes Assessor)
盲法说明
Participants and coaches cannot be blinded due to the behavioural nature of the intervention. Tactical performance is captured on video and coded by independent assessors who are blinded to group allocation and assessment time point. Videos are anonymised and labelled with neutral IDs; group-specific discussion segments are not included in the footage provided for coding to preserve assessor blinding.
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 18 Years 至 —（Adult, Older Adult）
- 性别
- Female
- 接受健康志愿者
- 是
入选标准
- •Female elite underwater rugby players aged ≥18 years.
- •Officially rostered members of the participating high-performance team/squad.
- •Regular training participation (minimum 2 sessions per week) in the team's programme.
- •Able to complete study procedures at Baseline (Visit 1) and Post-intervention at 6 weeks (Visit 2), including standardized 3v3 scrimmage video assessment.
- •Willing and able to provide written informed consent.
排除标准
- •Current injury, illness, or medical condition that prevents full participation in regular underwater rugby training during the intervention period.
- •Anticipated prolonged absence (e.g., travel/competing/other commitments) that would prevent meaningful exposure to the intervention dose (e.g., missing >20% of sessions).
- •Inability to complete the assessment procedures reliably (e.g., unable to participate in the standardized 3v3 assessment or comply with study instructions).
- •Declines participation or withdraws consent.
研究组 & 干预措施
TPCT (Structured Reflective Questioning) + Matched Tactical Training
Participants complete the same underwater rugby training dose and content as the control arm. In addition, they engage in brief, structured team reflection (~3 minutes) during recovery intervals between constrained small-sided game bouts, guided by a fixed TPCT questioning protocol targeting tactical critical thinking and collective decision-making.
干预措施: Matched Tactical Training Programme (MTT) (Behavioral)
Matched Tactical Training (MTT) Only (Passive Recovery)
Participants complete the same Matched Tactical Training Programme (MTT) dose and content as the experimental arm. Recovery intervals between constrained small-sided game bouts are used for passive recovery/hydration without structured reflective questioning or guided discussion.
干预措施: Matched Tactical Training Programme (MTT) (Behavioral)
TPCT (Structured Reflective Questioning) + Matched Tactical Training
Participants complete the same underwater rugby training dose and content as the control arm. In addition, they engage in brief, structured team reflection (~3 minutes) during recovery intervals between constrained small-sided game bouts, guided by a fixed TPCT questioning protocol targeting tactical critical thinking and collective decision-making.
干预措施: Tactical Programme for Critical Thinking (TPCT) - Structured Reflective Questioning (Behavioral)
结局指标
主要结局
Overall tactical efficiency (RUSTAC overall index)
时间窗: Baseline (Visit 1; up to 50 minutes) and Post-intervention at 6 weeks (Visit 2; up to 50 minutes)
Overall tactical efficiency derived from video-based coding of standardized 3v3 underwater rugby scrimmages using the RUSTAC checklist. The overall index is computed as successful tactical actions relative to total tactical decisions (expressed as successful actions per 100 decisions) across offensive and defensive phases.
次要结局
- Defensive coverage efficiency (RUSTAC principle-specific index)(Baseline (Visit 1; up to 50 minutes) and Post-intervention at 6 weeks (Visit 2; up to 50 minutes))
- Recovery efficiency (RUSTAC principle-specific index)(Baseline (Visit 1; up to 50 minutes) and Post-intervention at 6 weeks (Visit 2; up to 50 minutes))
- Penetration efficiency (RUSTAC principle-specific index)(Baseline (Visit 1; up to 50 minutes) and Post-intervention at 6 weeks (Visit 2; up to 50 minutes))
- Offensive coverage efficiency (RUSTAC principle-specific index)(Baseline (Visit 1; up to 50 minutes) and Post-intervention at 6 weeks (Visit 2; up to 50 minutes))
- Space management efficiency (RUSTAC principle-specific index)(Baseline (Visit 1; up to 50 minutes) and Post-intervention at 6 weeks (Visit 2; up to 50 minutes))
研究者
Édison Andrés Pérez Bedoya
Sponsor-Investigator
Federal University of Vicosa