Scenario-Driven Virtual Reality Game for Dementia Education Among Healthcare Students: Protocol for a Four-Arm Study

•Detailed Description:

1. Research Implementation

2. ASA Program Overview ASA VR is a scenario-driven, interactive virtual reality (VR) learning experience designed to cultivate dementia-competent attitudes and behaviors among healthcare students. Unlike the passive 360° video used in the prior study, ASA requires learners to make decisions, engage in role-play with an AI character portraying a person living with dementia (PLWD), and receive immediate, context-specific feedback.

3. Educational Concept and Design Rationale ASA operationalizes evidence-informed instructional principles: (1) problem-centered, authentic tasks with demonstration and guided practice; (2) anchored, scenario-based learning to encourage transfer; and (3) first-person immersive perspective-taking shown to strengthen empathy in healthcare education using VR. Together, these elements aim to move learners beyond recognition-level knowledge to a situated judgment and prosocial intention.

4. Research Method This study is randomized with parallel assignment. study aims to evaluate scenario-driven VR dementia education programs among nursing students in Indonesia. The participants will be nursing students who are enrolled in specific semesters and courses designated for the implementation of this educational program. The study will be conducted with students in the sixth semester (third year). Participants in this study were drawn from the previous study (NCT06629844). The previous study was a quasi-experimental, two-arm design, consisting of an intervention group that received an education program using VR and a control group that attended conventional classes. In the previous study, we collected questionnaires at three time points: pre-questionnaire (T1), post-questionnaire (T2), and a follow-up questionnaire three months later (T3). In this study, we continue our research using the Scenario-Driven VR Dementia Education Program. We will conduct randomized with parallel assignment study with four arms. The intervention group from the previous study, who had prior VR experience, will be divided into two groups: one receiving the Scenario-Driven VR Dementia Education Program and one serving as a control group. Similarly, the control group from the previous study will also be divided into two groups: one receiving the Scenario-Driven VR Dementia Education Program and one serving as a control group. After finishing the Scenario-Driven VR Dementia Education Program, we will give a post-questionnaire (T4).

All prospective participants will be assigned new ID numbers to ensure the confidentiality of their student ID numbers. Each new ID will correspond to the participant's ID number from the previous study, with the addition of a code to classify them into four groups. This approach will allow us to link participant data in the current study with data from the previous study. The randomization will be perform using computer randomization. The protocol has been reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Airlangga. The Scenario-Driven VR dementia education program will not be integrated into a specific class, but will cover themes related to dementia care. Participants will be recruited through class announcements. An overview of the research process will be provided, and detailed instructions regarding the study will be given shortly before it begins. The research team will announce the study approximately one week in advance, and recruitment will be conducted via Google Forms. Students who register will be randomly assigned to four groups. Selected participants will receive their ID numbers along with details about the program's schedule and location through a class announcement three days prior to the intervention.

On the day of the intervention, participants will attend the designated location and sign an attendance sheet using their IDs. The Principal Investigator (PI) will explain the study's stages and emphasize that participants can withdraw at any time without any consequences. Participation in the study will be entirely voluntary, and there will be no coercion. Students who agree to participate in the study will provide informed consent. Those in the program will complete a questionnaire after the intervention. Regarding recruitment, eligible participants will be identified through the previous study's data. Students registered in the selected courses for the 2025/2026 academic year. All eligible students will receive comprehensive information about the study and an invitation to participate. Both the intervention and control groups will complete post-intervention questionnaires.