Inspiratory Muscle Strength and Diaphragm Thickness in Tennis Players With and Without Shoulder Pain: A Case-Control Study
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 已完成
- 发起方
- 入组人数
- 64
- 试验地点
- 1
- 主要终点
- Maximal Inspiratory Pressure (MIP)
研究概览
简要总结
This observational case-control study will compare inspiratory muscle function and diaphragm morphology between individuals with shoulder pain and asymptomatic controls. Participants will be allocated into two groups according to the presence or absence of shoulder pain.
Inspiratory muscle strength will be assessed by measuring maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) using standardized procedures. Diaphragm thickness will be evaluated bilaterally using ultrasound imaging at the end of inspiration (Tins) and at the end of expiration (Texp).
Pain intensity will be assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Upper limb disability will be evaluated using the QuickDASH questionnaire, including the activities of daily living module and the optional sports module.
All outcomes will be assessed in a single evaluation session. Between-group comparisons will be performed to analyze differences in inspiratory muscle strength, diaphragm thickness, pain intensity, and upper limb disability between participants with and without shoulder pain.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Observational
- 观察模型
- Case Control
- 时间视角
- Cross Sectional
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 18 Years 至 60 Years（Adult）
- 性别
- All
- 接受健康志愿者
- 是
入选标准
- •Tennis player who suffered from non-specific shoulder pain
- •Training at least two times per week
- •Have experienced at least 1 episode of non-specific shoulder pain in the last month
- •A positive result on the following diagnostic tests: Neer Test and Jobe Test
排除标准
- •Having taken anti-inflammatories or muscle relaxants within the last 72 hours before the study
- •Pregnancy
- •Previous diagnosis of respiratory or neurological diseases
- •Previous surgeries, fractures, and dislocations in the dominant shoulder
- •Inability to follow instructions during the study
- •All those for whom measuring maximum inspiratory pressure is contraindicated: unstable angina, recent myocardial infarction (within 4 weeks of the even or myocarditis, uncontrolled systemic hypertension, recent pneumothorax, post-lung biopsy surgery of less than one week, postoperative abdominal or genitourinary surgery of less than 6 months, and urinary incontinence
研究组 & 干预措施
Shoulder Pain Group
Participants with shoulder pain
Healthy Control Group
Participants without shoulder pain
结局指标
主要结局
Maximal Inspiratory Pressure (MIP)
时间窗: Single assessment at baseline visit
Maximal inspiratory pressure measured in cmH₂O using a respiratory pressure meter as an indicator of inspiratory muscle strength.
Diaphragm thickness at inspiration
时间窗: Single assessment at baseline visit
Bilateral diaphragm muscle thickness measured by ultrasound imaging at the end of maximal inspiration (Tins)
Diaphragm thickness at expiration
时间窗: Single assessment at baseline visit
Bilateral diaphragm muscle thickness measured by ultrasound imaging at the end of maximal expiration (Texp).
次要结局
- Pain intensity (VAS)(Single assessment at baseline visit)
- Upper limb disability - activities of daily living(Single assessment at baseline visit)
- Upper limb disability - sport(Single assessment at baseline visit)