Vitamin b12 Deficency and Its Impact on Chronic Haemodialysis Patient and Its Effect on Anemia and Neuropathy

Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) is a water-soluble vitamin involved in several normal cellular functions (1). Vitamin B12 is required for the development, myelination, and function of the central nervous system; healthy red blood cell formation; and DNA synthesis (2- 4). Low levels of vitamin B12 have been associated with high concentrations of homocysteine (Hcy) and can lead to health complications (5). Hyperhomocysteinemia is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease (6). Vitamin B12 and other B vitamins are involved in homocysteine metabolism, and researchers have hypothesized that supplementation with these micronutrients can reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease by lowering homocysteine levels (7, 8). Vitamin B12 deficiency is one of the causes of Macrocytic anaemia with increased mean corpuscular volume (MCV), defined as more than 100 fL, which is the hallmark of megaloblastic anaemia