Prospective Paired Study on the Effectiveness of MitoGrade

Mitochondria are considered the powerhouses of cells. These membrane-bound organelles play a vital role in embryonic development and are essential for various cellular functions. And unlike other cellular organelles, they contain their own DNA (also known as mitochondrial DNA or mtDNA). Embryonic development is a complex energy-driven process and is thought to be highly dependent on mitochondrial function and mtDNA gene expression. It is believed that amounts of mtDNA remain constant in first three days of preimplantation development. Significant alterations in mtDNA are not initiated until after day 5 when the embryo has undergone the first cellular differentiation into trophectoderm (TE) and inner cell mass. It is possible that mtDNA variation may account chromosomal abnormalities by affecting the accuracy of chromosome segregation.

In addition to describing the relationship between mtDNA expression and clinical outcomes, Reprogenetics and Fragouli et al. (2015) were able to establish a threshold over which no clinical pregnancy was established. These results were further validated in a prospective blinded study and independently validated using Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) analysis. The quantification of mtDNA therefore provides important information in selecting the best embryos for transfer. MitoGradeTM is a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based method developed to quantify the amount of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) present in human preimplantation embryos. It is believed that a chromosomally normal embryo with a MitoGradeTM score lower than the established threshold will have a higher chance of successful implantation in comparison to a similar embryo with a higher MitoGradeTM score.