Salivary TNF-α, FoxO-1, and SIRT-1 Levels in Smokers and Non-Smokers With Stage III Periodontitis: A Case-Control Study
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 已完成
- 发起方
- 入组人数
- 80
- 试验地点
- 1
- 主要终点
- Salivary TNF-α Concentration
研究概览
简要总结
This study examines whether smoking and gum disease (periodontitis) are linked to changes in three biological markers found in saliva: TNF-α, FoxO-1, and SIRT-1. These markers are involved in inflammation and the body's response to stress.
Eighty adults took part in the study, divided into four groups: healthy non-smokers, non-smokers with Stage III periodontitis (an advanced form of gum disease), healthy smokers, and smokers with Stage III periodontitis. Each participant had a dental examination and provided a saliva sample, which was analyzed in the laboratory to measure the levels of these three markers.
The goal of the study is to better understand how smoking and gum disease together affect the body's inflammatory and stress-response pathways, which may help guide future approaches to prevention and treatment.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Observational
- 观察模型
- Case Control
- 时间视角
- Cross Sectional
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 18 Years 至 —（Adult, Older Adult）
- 性别
- All
- 接受健康志愿者
- 是
入选标准
- •Aged 18 years or older
- •At least 16 permanent teeth, excluding third molars
- •Not receiving orthodontic treatment
- •No systemic condition known to affect periodontal health
排除标准
- •Pregnant or breastfeeding
- •Diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis, hypertension, or another systemic disease that could influence periodontal tissues
- •Periodontal treatment within the previous six months
- •Use of antibiotics or anti-inflammatory medications within the previous six months
- •Any local or systemic condition that could affect salivary biomarker concentrations
研究组 & 干预措施
Non-Smoking, Periodontally Healthy
Systemically healthy, non-smoking participants with no clinical signs of periodontal disease (probing depth ≤3 mm, bleeding on probing <10%).
干预措施: Salivary Biomarker Analysis (ELISA) (Diagnostic Test)
Non-Smoking, Stage III Periodontitis
Systemically healthy, non-smoking participants diagnosed with Stage III periodontitis, defined by interdental clinical attachment loss ≥5 mm at the site of greatest loss, radiographic bone loss extending to the middle third of the root or beyond, and probing depth ≥6 mm.
干预措施: Salivary Biomarker Analysis (ELISA) (Diagnostic Test)
Smoking, Periodontally Healthy
Systemically healthy smokers with no clinical signs of periodontal disease (probing depth ≤3 mm, bleeding on probing <10%). Smoking status was self-reported and verified by salivary cotinine concentration (>0.18 mg/L).
干预措施: Salivary Biomarker Analysis (ELISA) (Diagnostic Test)
Smoking, Stage III Periodontitis
Smokers diagnosed with Stage III periodontitis, defined by interdental clinical attachment loss ≥5 mm at the site of greatest loss, radiographic bone loss extending to the middle third of the root or beyond, and probing depth ≥6 mm. Smoking status was self-reported and verified by salivary cotinine concentration (>0.18 mg/L).
干预措施: Salivary Biomarker Analysis (ELISA) (Diagnostic Test)
结局指标
主要结局
Salivary TNF-α Concentration
时间窗: Measured at a single time point at study enrollment
Salivary TNF-α concentration measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), expressed as ng/L, adjusted for individual salivary flow rate.
Salivary FoxO-1 Concentration
时间窗: Measured at a single time point at study enrollment
Salivary FoxO-1 concentration measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), expressed as ng/mL, adjusted for individual salivary flow rate.
Salivary SIRT-1 Concentration
时间窗: Measured at a single time point at study enrollment
Salivary SIRT-1 concentration measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), expressed as ng/mL, adjusted for individual salivary flow rate.
次要结局
未报告次要终点
研究者
Zehra Hasgül
DDS, Periodontist, Research Assistant
Ankara University