Protocol Effect of Negative Pressure Drain to Reducing Surgical Site Infection in Clean-contaminated and Contaminated Surgical Wound of Abdominal Surgery

This study is a randomized controlled trial, double-blinded and performs in the patient who underwent intra-abdominal surgery. the investigators collect the data at the department of surgery, Ramathibodi hospital. This study randomized the volunteer patient into 2 groups as follow: the patient with placing negative pressure drainage within the surgical wound and the patient without placing negative pressure drainage.

• Randomization To minimize the study bias, the investigators random patient into two groups by the unassociated personnel opens an enclosed envelope after the surgical procedure is completely performed and before the beginning of closing the skin layer.
• Blind process This study does not conceal information about surgical technique and drain placing method. However, the investigators have controlled various surgical procedures to reduce inequality in assessment and bias.
• Negative pressure drainage is a drainage catheter which is placed in surgical wound for draining fluid such as hematoma, seroma, and pus. In this study the drainage the catheter will be placed in the wound for 5 days and/or removed if fluid content is less than 20 ml per day. Jackson-Pratt or Redivac catheter is used in this study because it is cheap and widespread in all hospitals. The drainage catheter is placed after completion of surgery and before skin closure.
• Surgical site infection (SSI) is infection at surgical wound which happens within 30 days post operatively and in this study will use in term of superficial SSI (pus oozing, cellulitis and wound culture positive) If patients have SSI, the investigators remove the drain from the patients (intervention group) and may total stitch off suture then wet dressing combine with antibiotic.

the investigators evaluate and collect data by physical examination at post operation day 3, day 5,day 7 and the day that patient is discharged from hospital. Then investigators follow up the patients at 14 days and 30 days after discharged from hospital.The complication of SSI is seroma, hematoma and wound dehiscence.

• Seroma is the retention of clear fluid in the cavity of the body such as a surgical wound. Typical clinical presentation is fluid oozing from the wound.
• Hematoma is the retention of bloody fluid in the cavity of the body such as a surgical wound. It can be infected which is possible to prevent by stop bleeding intraoperatively and evaluate surgical wound every day.
• Wound dehiscence is partial or total separation of previously approximated wound edges, due to failure of proper wound healing.

In patient case with infected wound and the investigators give antibiotics along with dressing, but does not stitch off suture, we do not include as SSI in this study.