Omega-3 Rich Diet and Fish Oil Reduce Prostate Cancer Biomarker Ki-67

A high omega-3, low omega-6 diet supplemented with fish oil查看药品详情 has shown promise in reducing the Ki-67 index (搜索)搜索该靶点, a key biomarker for prostate cancer (搜索)搜索该疾病 progression, according to results from the CAPFISH-3 trial presented at the 2025 ASCO Genitourinary Cancer Symposium. The study, a phase 2 randomized trial, suggests that dietary changes could play a role in slowing cancer cell growth in men with early-stage prostate cancer undergoing active surveillance.

The trial, led by Dr. William J. Aronson from UCLA, involved 100 men with grade group 1 or 2 prostate cancer (搜索)搜索该疾病 on active surveillance. Participants were randomized to either a dietary intervention group or a control group. The intervention group followed a diet low in omega-6 fatty acids and high in omega-3 fatty acids, supplemented with 2.2 grams per day of eicosapentaenoic acid查看药品详情 (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid查看药品详情 (DHA) via fish oil查看药品详情 capsules. They also received personalized dietary counseling to reduce fat intake to less than 30% of calories and to decrease consumption of foods high in omega-6 fatty acids, such as fried and processed foods, while increasing intake of omega-3 rich foods like salmon and tuna. The control group continued their regular diet without fish oil supplementation.

The primary endpoint of the trial was the change in the Ki-67 index (搜索)搜索该靶点 from baseline to one year, measured from same-site prostate biopsies using the Artemis image-fusion device. Secondary endpoints included changes in pathologic features such as grade group and maximum tumor length, Decipher genomic score, serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA), testosterone, cytokines, and lipids.

Significant Reduction in Ki-67 Index

The results demonstrated a statistically significant difference in the change of Ki-67 index (搜索)搜索该靶点 between the two groups (P = .043). The Ki-67 index decreased by approximately 15% in the dietary intervention group, from 1.34% at baseline to 1.14% at one year. In contrast, the control group experienced an increase of approximately 24% in the Ki-67 index, from 1.23% at baseline to 1.52% at one year.

"A high omega-3, low omega-6 diet with [fish oil查看药品详情] for 1-year resulted in a significant reduction in prostate Ki-67 index (搜索)搜索该靶点—compared with the control group—a biomarker for prostate cancer (搜索)搜索该疾病 progression, metastasis and death," Dr. Aronson stated.

Other Biomarkers and Safety

While the Ki-67 index (搜索)搜索该靶点 showed a significant reduction, there were no significant differences between the groups in secondary outcomes such as grade group, tumor length, Decipher genomic score, or PSA levels. The trial also yielded reduced levels of triglyceride and macrophage colony-stimulating factor in the intervention group.

Four patients in the dietary intervention group were withdrawn from the study due to adverse events related to fish oil查看药品详情 supplementation, including gastrointestinal discomfort. This highlights the importance of monitoring for potential side effects when using fish oil supplements.

Implications and Future Directions

The findings suggest that a high omega-3, low omega-6 diet with fish oil查看药品详情 supplementation may offer a non-invasive approach to slowing prostate cancer (搜索)搜索该疾病 growth in men on active surveillance. However, the researchers caution that further, larger trials are necessary to confirm the long-term benefits of this dietary intervention on cancer progression, treatment outcomes, and survival rates.

"On the basis of the underlying antiprostate cancer mechanisms of a high omega-3, low omega-6 diet with FO supplements, future trials are warranted evaluating this intervention in varying stages of prostate cancer (搜索)搜索该疾病," the study authors concluded. Phase 3 trials are needed to validate these findings and to determine the optimal dietary strategies for managing prostate cancer.