Optimizing a Mindful Intervention for Urban Minority Youth Via Stress Physiology

Low-income urban adolescents experience high rates of adversity and trauma exposure, increasing their risk for stress-related problems, including externalizing behaviors and affective and traumatic stress symptoms. These outcomes are associated with dysregulated physiological responses to stress, both in the laboratory and real-world contexts. The neuroplasticity that typifies adolescence heightens vulnerability to stress effects on various brain and body systems. On the other hand, the same neurodevelopmental features also suggest pathways for overcoming and altering stymied trajectories through targeted interventions that leverage the brain's plasticity. Thus, adolescence affords a window of opportunity to reinforce parasympathetic modulation of stress responses, enhancing capacities for emotion regulation and, in effect, protecting against the development of behavioral and affective problems.

There is growing empirical support for the ability of mindfulness-based programs to improve stress management in adults, leading to improved well-being, coping and prosocial behavior. Evidence suggests that mindfulness influences homeostatic systems that modulate neurophysiological responses to stress in the service of emotion regulation. Indeed, neuroimaging studies in adults have established that mindfulness measurably improves brain function, demonstrating the alterability of these mechanisms. No such data have been collected for youth, nor have the psychophysiological mechanisms underlying mindfulness program effects for disadvantaged urban youth been rigorously evaluated. The proposed research thus has potential to substantively advance understanding of mindfulness mechanisms of effects and also to facilitate optimization of mindfulness programming so that it has maximum benefits for urban youth.

This study evaluates the effects of mindfulness on physiological stress mechanisms implicated in externalizing behaviors and symptoms of affective and traumatic stress among urban adolescents. Program effects on stress physiology will be evaluated using pre- and post-tests of heart rate variability (HRV) during a stress task. Emotional and behavioral outcomes will be measured using student and teacher ratings.