A Physiological Profile of Recovery From Mechanical, Metabolic, and Mixed Exercise Stressors
Overview
- Phase
- Not Applicable
- Intervention
- Not specified
- Conditions
- Sports Nutritional Sciences
- Sponsor
- GlaxoSmithKline
- Enrollment
- 24
- Locations
- 1
- Primary Endpoint
- Maximal isometric volume contraction (MIVC)
- Status
- Completed
- Last Updated
- 8 years ago
Overview
Brief Summary
The aim of this study to increase understanding of physiological and functional perturbations following a continuum of exercise stressors.
Detailed Description
This study utilised a between groups design, with a within-groups control. This allowed the within-subject profiling of recovery during both a control and exercise week. This design also allowed each group to perform an ecologically valid exercise session as well as having markers of recovery tailored to the areas of interest specific to each cohort. By having each group perform a non-exercise control week, this gives valuable information on the reliability and smallest worthwhile change for a range of both novel and commonly used recovery markers.
Investigators
Eligibility Criteria
Inclusion Criteria
- •Demonstrates understanding of the study procedures, restrictions and willingness to participate as evidenced by voluntary written informed consent (see Appendices 2-4) and has received a signed and dated copy of the informed consent form.
- •Participant is male
- •Good general and mental health as assessed by a health questionnaire and with, in the opinion of the investigator or medically qualified designee ,no clinically significant and relevant abnormalities in medical history or upon oral examination. As well as absence of any condition that would impact on the participant's safety or wellbeing or affect the individual's ability to understand and follow study procedures and requirements.
- •Participants will be fully briefed prior to agreeing to participate in the study and the research team will confirm that they are willing, able, and likely to comply with all procedures and complete the study.
- •Only the following individuals will be recruited as participants for the study:
- •Group 1: Resistance trained individuals (≥3 sessions per week for ≥2 years with a minimum of 1 session per week including leg-based exercises).
- •Group 2: Trained cyclists (competing at a minimum of Category 3 roadracing/ estimated 10 mile TT of \<25 minutes and a training history of ≥5 hours per week for ≥2 years).
- •Group 3: Team sports players (minimum of University 1st team level e.g. soccer, rugby union, rugby league, hockey, and basketball, playing competitively ≥1x per week for ≥2 years).
Exclusion Criteria
- •Individuals that do not fit the training status inclusion criteria.
- •Current use of any non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID's) or other analgesics for pain relief.
- •Participation in another clinical study or receipt of an investigational drug within 30 days of the screening visit.
- •Previous participation in this study.
- •Recent history (within the last 1 year) of alcohol or other substance abuse.
- •An employee of the sponsor or the study site or members of their immediate family.
- •Have a heart or any other medical condition that may contra-indicate participants from taking part in high intensity or exhaustive physical activity.
Outcomes
Primary Outcomes
Maximal isometric volume contraction (MIVC)
Time Frame: Up to Day 26
Following a five minute warm-up cycling at 100W (Power output of the cycle in watts), participants seated on a dynamometer. For each participant the chair height, length and dynamometer position were recorded and maintained in subsequent trials. Participants completed a standardised warm-up consisting of contractions at 50, 75, and 90% of perceived maximal force. Participants then performed three MIVC of the dominant limb each lasting approximately 3 seconds (sec). Sixty seconds rest was given in between repetitions with peak force (N) recorded and the best attempt used for subsequent analysis.
20 meter (m) sprint assessment (Group 1 and 3 only)
Time Frame: Up to Day 26
A 20 m runway in an indoor track was marked using cones and two sets of infrared timing gates, one set at each end of the start and finish line. Participants completed a standardised warm-up consisting of performing 20 m runs at 50, 75, and 90% of perceived maximal effort. Participants stand 0.3 m behind the start line to avoid premature triggering of the timing system, and were instructed to lead with the same starting leg for all attempts before performing three sprints interspersed with 60sec rest. Sprint time (sec) was recorded and the best attempt was used for subsequent analysis.
Rate of force development (RFD)
Time Frame: Up to Day 26
Participants were instructed to stand with their feet approximately shoulder width apart on a force plate, with hands placed on hips. Participants completed a standardised warm-up consisting of jumps at 50, 75, and 90% of perceived maximum jump height. Participants were instructed to perform a maximal vertical jump by using their own choice of depth and pace (whilst maintaining hands on hips throughout) and to land with straight legs. If flight time is exaggerated by participants removing hands from the hips or bending their legs whilst in the air, the test was performed again. Three maximal efforts were performed with sixty seconds rest in between repetitions, RFD (N·s-1) recorded, and the best attempt used for subsequent analysis.
Countermovement jump (CMJ)
Time Frame: Up to Day 26
Participants were instructed to stand with their feet approximately shoulder width apart on a force plate, with hands placed on hips. Participants completed a standardised warm-up consisting of jumps at 50, 75, and 90% of perceived maximum jump height. Participants were instructed to perform a maximal vertical jump by using their own choice of depth and pace (whilst maintaining hands on hips throughout) and to land with straight legs. If flight time is exaggerated by participants removing hands from the hips or bending their legs whilst in the air, the test was performed again. Three maximal efforts were performed with sixty seconds rest in between repetitions with jump height (cm) recorded, and the best attempt was used for subsequent analysis.
Cycling Time-Trial performance assessment (Group 2 only)
Time Frame: Up to Day 26
Following a standardised five minute warm-up at 100 W, with a 10sec sprint at 2 minutes 30 sec, participants completed a 5 minute all-out time trial, covering as much distance as possible. Participants were initially instructed that they were to cover as much distance as possible in 5 minutes, before being blinded to time and test performance and informed of the half-way stage by the investigator. Distance covered (m), mean power (W) and work done (J) were calculated and used for subsequent analysis.
Secondary Outcomes
- Time in bed(Up to Day 26)
- Perceived recovery measured by the daily analyses of life demands for athletes (DALDA) questionnaire(Up to Day 26)
- Perceived muscle soreness(Up to Day 26)
- Interleukin 10 (IL-10)(Up to Day 26)
- C-reactive protein(Up to Day 26)
- Neutrophils(Up to Day 26)
- Sleep efficiency(Up to Day 26)
- Sleep latency(Up to Day 26)
- Time asleep(Up to Day 26)
- Protein carbonyls(Up to Day 26)
- Slow myosin(Up to Day 26)
- Interleukin 6 (IL-6)(Up to Day 26)
- Creatine kinase(Up to Day 26)
- F2-isoprostanes(Up to Day 26)
- Limb Girth(Up to Day 26)
- Fast myosin(Up to Day 26)
- Range of motion (ROM) assessment(Up to Day 26)
- Matrix metalloproteinase-9(Up to Day 26)