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Immune Response to Seasonal Influenza Vaccination in Multiple Sclerosis Patients Receiving Cladribine

Conditions
Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting
Vaccine Response Impaired
Interventions
Biological: Most recent vaccine to seasonal influenza
Registration Number
NCT05019248
Lead Sponsor
Heinrich-Heine University, Duesseldorf
Brief Summary

The primary objective of this study is to characterize the antibody response to seasonal influenza vaccine, in patients with active RRMS, treated with cladribine, compared to control individuals with basic immunomodulatory treatment. Serum antibody titers against the respective pathogen will be assessed prior to and 6 to 8 months following vaccination.

Detailed Description

Not available

Recruitment & Eligibility

Status
UNKNOWN
Sex
All
Target Recruitment
260
Inclusion Criteria
  1. Signed informed consent form (ICF)
  2. Age 18 to 60 years old (inclusive) as of the date the ICF is signed
  3. Diagnosis of RRMS according to the revised McDonald criteria
  4. EDSS score of 0.0 to 7.0 (inclusive)
  5. In case of participants who are subjected to influenza vaccination by the treating physicians prior to cladribine the first or second cycle of cladribine (cohort 1 + cohort 3), this should be performed at least 4 to 6 weeks before the start of cladribine.

Definition of control group:

Patients with active RRMS treated with cladribine will be compared to sex and age matched control individuals, with RRMS under basic treatment either with interferon beta, glatiramer acetate, dimethyl fumarate or teriflunomide, who provide sample material prior to and 6 to 8 months after routine seasonal influenza vaccination during the same period.

Exclusion Criteria
  1. Previous treatment with B-cell targeted therapies (e.g., rituximab, ocrelizumab, atacicept, belimumab, or ofatumumab)
  2. Any previous treatment with alemtuzumab, cladribine, cyclophosphamide, mitoxantrone, azathioprine, mycophenolate mofetil, cyclosporine, methotrexate, total body irradiation, or bone marrow transplantation
  3. Medical, psychiatric, cognitive, or other conditions that, in the investigator's opinion, compromise the patient's ability to understand the patient information, to give informed consent, or to complete the study
  4. Patients that receive immunosuppressive treatment for diseases other than MS or that receive long-term corticosteroid treatment
  5. Patients that received apheresis procedures 6 weeks prior to vaccination or in-between vaccination and DMT initiation
  6. Systemic high dose corticosteroid therapy within 6 weeks prior to vaccination or in-between vaccination and DMT initiation
  7. Patients with verified infection by human-immunodeficiency-virus or hepatitis-c-virus
  8. Patients with major impairment of the blood coagulation system including therapy with anticoagulants
  9. Patients with known chicken egg allergy

Study & Design

Study Type
OBSERVATIONAL
Study Design
Not specified
Arm && Interventions
GroupInterventionDescription
vaccination prior to second cladribine expositionMost recent vaccine to seasonal influenza-
vaccination shortly after first cladribine expositionMost recent vaccine to seasonal influenza-
vaccination in patients with RRMS not subjected to cladribineMost recent vaccine to seasonal influenza-
vaccination following completion of cladribine treatmentMost recent vaccine to seasonal influenza-
vaccination prior to first cladribine expositionMost recent vaccine to seasonal influenza-
Primary Outcome Measures
NameTimeMethod
Proportion who achieve seroprotection6 months

The capacity of influenza vaccine to elicit a measurable immune response (immunogenicity) when it is administered (i) shortly (at least 4-6 weeks) before cladribine initiation (cohort 1), (ii) 3 to 4 months after cladribine initiation (cohort 2) (iii) shortly (at least 4-6 weeks) before second cladribine administration (cohort 3) and (iv) in patients who have already received the second cycle of cladribine tablets (3 to 4 months after second cycle; cohort 4), compared to RRMS patients treated with basic DMTs (cohort 5). Efficacy is measured as proportion of patients who achieve seroprotection (specific hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titers \> 1:40)).

Secondary Outcome Measures
NameTimeMethod
Fraction with 2-fold increase of HI titers6 months

Proportion of patients who achieve a 2-fold increase in specific HI titers at 6 to 8 months post-immunization

Fraction with 4-fold increase of HI titers6 months

Proportion of patients who achieve a 4-fold increase in specific HI titers at 6 months post-immunization

Seroconversion rate6 months

Proportion of patients with seroconversion (i.e., a pre-vaccination antibody titer \< 10 and a post-vaccination HI titer \> 40)

Mean antibody titers6 months

Geometric mean antibody titers (GMTs) and geometric mean antibody ratios (GMRs, post-vaccination:pre-vaccination) prior and 6 months after vaccination

Cellular immune responses6 months

Flow cytometry analysis, which will include (but is not limited to) the following cells: Total B cells (CD19 positive), B-cell subsets, e.g., memory B cells, naïve B cells, plasma cells; Total T cell (CD3 positive) and T cell subsets, e.g. T helper cells, cytotoxic lymphocyte T cells

Influenza infections6 months

Incidence of infections caused by influenza

Serum immunoglobulin subtypes6 months

Analysis of quantitative Ig levels (including total Ig, IgG, IgG subtypes, IgM, and IgA)

Trial Locations

Locations (1)

Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University

🇩🇪

Duesseldorf, Northrhine-Westphalia, Germany

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