Intervening Early With Neglected Children: Key Childhood Outcomes

Brief Summary

Detailed Description

Children were randomly assigned to receive the ABC intervention or a control intervention (DEF) in infancy. These two groups, plus a group of low-risk children, will be studied in early and middle childhood. Of interest will be differences in parent and child outcomes that result from the intervention. Hypothesis 1: Neglected children whose parents received the ABC intervention and low-risk comparison children will show better inhibitory control than neglected children whose parents received the DEF intervention. Hypothesis 2: Children in the ABC intervention condition and low-risk comparison children will show better emotion regulation than children in the DEF condition. Hypothesis 3: Children in the ABC intervention condition and comparison children will show less reactive aggression and less hostile attributional bias than children in the DEF condition. Hypothesis 4: Children in the ABC condition and comparison children will show more normative cortisol production than children in the DEF condition. Although we expect that sustained changes in parenting are critical for sustained changes in child behaviors, several alternative models will be tested. First, it is possible that when parents change as a result of the intervention in a child's infancy, there are positive outcomes for children regardless of whether the changes in parenting are sustained. If this is the case, early parenting will mediate the effects of the intervention when controlling for later parenting. Second, if concurrent parenting is what is critical to child functioning, current parenting will mediate intervention effects on child outcomes when controlling for early parenting. Third, longitudinal modeling of both parent and child behaviors allows for analysis of cross-lagged associations using structural equation modeling. Such modeling can examine concurrent and transactional associations between parent and child. We can also examine associations between change at behavioral and biological levels. Longitudinal modeling will be used to examine models of change in parenting behaviors and how those influence child outcomes.

Primary Outcomes

Secondary Outcomes

• Parent Attachment Script Knowledge(Child age of 9)
• Child inhibitory control in middle childhood(Child age 8)
• Child attachment security (self-reported on Kerns' Attachment Inventory)(Child age 10)
• Parental sensitivity(Child age of infancy (12-24 months child age))
• Parent neural activity assessed through event related potentials(Child age 4)
• Child attachment security (narrative measure)(Child age 9)
• Autonomic nervous system activity(Child age 10)
• Child brain activity(Child age 9)
• Alpha and theta wave(Child age 9)
• Round Robin Assessment of Peer Rejection(Child age 9)
• Parental sensitivity using Parent-Child Interaction Coding System(Child age 9)
• Body mass index(Age 4)