Intervening Early With Neglected Children: Key Adolescent Outcomes
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- Enrolling By Invitation
- 入组人数
- 120
- 试验地点
- 2
- 主要终点
- Brain activation in Emotional Reappraisal Task
研究概览
简要总结
This study follows children into adolescence who were first randomized to intervention condition in infancy.
详细描述
Parents serve as co-regulators for their young children, helping them regulate behaviors, emotions, and physiology and supporting the development of healthy brain circuitry. Neglecting parents often fail to serve as co-regulators, which has implications for young children's self-regulatory capabilities and brain development. As children become older, these difficulties with self-regulation may become more pronounced. Adolescence represents a period of particular vulnerability for the emergence of mental health problems because of increasing demands for regulation of emotions and behaviors, coupled with on-going development of neural circuits that support emotional and behavioral regulation. The Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch-up (ABC) intervention was designed to help parents learn to interact in responsive and sensitive ways, with the expectation that children would show enhanced ability to regulate behavior, emotions, and physiology. The efficacy of the ABC intervention among parents involved with Child Protective Services (CPS) was assessed. Parents were randomized to ABC or to a control intervention. Children were followed at T1 (ages 1-4) and T2 (ages 8-10). At T1, more of the children in the ABC group developed secure and organized attachments than children in the DEF group, and children in ABC showed more normative production of cortisol, less expression of negative emotions, and poorer inhibitory control than children in DEF. ABC parents were more sensitive and showed more optimal neural activity than DEF parents. At T2, ABC children showed greater prefrontal cortex activation in response to threat than DEF children, suggesting better regulation to threat at the level of brain activation. Also at T2, children in the ABC group reported more secure relationships with parents, and showed more normative cortisol production and more optimal autonomic nervous system functioning than DEF children. In adolescence, the ABC intervention is expected to result in enhanced brain circuitry and more optimal functioning across domains as assessed at multiple levels of analysis relative to the control intervention. In the proposed study, behavioral and neurobiological development among 13-, 14- and 15-year-old adolescents whose parents were referred by CPS to a randomized controlled trial in infancy (n=120), and among low-risk adolescents followed since middle childhood (n=80) will be assessed.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Interventional
- 分配方式
- Randomized
- 干预模型
- Factorial
- 主要目的
- Prevention
- 盲法
- Quadruple (Participant, Care Provider, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
盲法说明
Parents received an intervention but did not know whether it was experimental or control. All participants had an identification number that did not indicate group.
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 13 Years 至 17 Years（Child）
- 性别
- All
- 接受健康志愿者
- 否
入选标准
- •Must have been included in middle childhood data collection
排除标准
- 未提供
结局指标
主要结局
Brain activation in Emotional Reappraisal Task
时间窗: Age 14 years
Functional connectivity between amygdala and PFC assessed through fMRI in emotional reappraisal task
Trier Social Stress Test- Cortisol
时间窗: Age 13 years
Participants will be met by two research assistants (one male, one female), whom they have not met previously. The research assistants will tell the participants that they will have 5 minutes to prepare a speech which they will give to the researchers who will rate the speech. Participants will then give their speeches for 5 minutes; the research assistants will maintain neutral expressions and provide no feedback. Afterwards, participants will be asked to do (age-adjusted) mental arithmetic aloud (Buske-Kirschbaum et al.,1997). For the purpose of assessing cortisol, investigators will collect saliva samples before and after the speech/math.
Brain activation in Stop Signal Task
时间窗: Child age 13 years
Prefrontal cortex activation assessed through functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in task requiring inhibitory control
Brain activation in Emotion Go/Nogo task
时间窗: Age 15 years
Functional connectivity between amygdala and PFC assessed through fMRI in an emotion go/no go task
Revealed differences task - parent sensitivity.
时间窗: Age 13 years
Parents and children engage in conflict discussion. Assess parental sensitivity using Sensitivity scale. Parental behavior is scored on a 1-7 scale, with higher scores reflecting greater sensitivity.
Support task- parent sensitivity
时间窗: Age 14 years
Parents and children engage in support discussion (discussing Trier task from previous year). Assess parental sensitivity using Sensitivity scale. Parental behavior is scored on a 1-7 scale, with higher scores reflecting greater sensitivity.
Support task-adolescent competence
时间窗: Age 14 years
Parents and children engage in conflict discussion. Assess child competence in discussion on Competence scale. Competence is scored on a 1-7 scale, with higher scores reflecting greater competence.
Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART)
时间窗: 13 years of age
This task assesses risk-taking through a computer game in which participants see a balloon on the computer screen and have the option of pumping up the balloon more, and therefore increasing its monetary value, or stopping and collecting the value of the balloon. If the balloon pops on a pump, then all of the value of the balloon is lost and the next trial begins. There is a randomly, pre-determined probability of the balloon popping on any given pump of each trial. A brief version of the task with 15 balloons will be used. A running tally of participants' total monetary gain is kept (and can range from $0 up to a cap of $5). The amount of money earned is the score, with more money reflecting higher risk taking.
Child Depression
时间窗: 15 years of age
Child Depression Inventory-Short Version (CDI-S): A 10-item measure that screens for depression (Kovacs, 2010). Scores can range from 0-24, with higher scores reflecting greater depression.
Adolescent substance use
时间窗: 15 years of age
Adolescents will complete the Youth Risk Behavior Survey. Higher scores reflect more substance use, with a possible range of 21-98.
Child problem behaviors
时间窗: 15 years of age
Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL): Parents will complete the 113 items from the CBCL to assess adolescents' internalizing and externalizing symptoms (Achenbach et al., 2001). Raw scores range from 0-240. Higher scores reflect greater problems.
Emotional Regulation Questionnaire
时间窗: 14 years of age
Assesses how effectively adolescents regulate or control emotions. Higher scores reflect better regulation. Scores range from 10-50.
Revealed differences task- parent sensitivity
时间窗: Age 15 years
Parents and children engage in conflict discussion. Assess parental sensitivity using Sensitivity scale. Parental behavior is scored on a 1-7 scale, with higher scores reflecting greater sensitivity.
Revealed differences task-adolescent competence
时间窗: 15 years of age.
Parents and children engage in conflict discussion. Assess child competence in discussion on Competence scale. Competence is scored on a 1-7 scale, with higher scores reflecting greater competence.
Support task-adolescent ANS
时间窗: 14 years of age.
The control of cardiac functions via the vagal nerve, or vagal tone, is an index of parasympathetic activity. It can be measured by heart rate variability associated with respiration or high frequency respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA). RSA data will be collected continuously throughout the parent-child interaction using a MindWare Portable Lab system. Greater changes in RSA from baseline to discussion considered preferable.
Delay Discounting
时间窗: 15 years of age
Delay Discounting Task is a brief, five-item task on a computer that asks participants their preference between $5 now and $10 at some later time point (Koffarnus, Warren, \& Bickel, 2014). No money is actually earned on this task. A score from 0 to 5 is received with lower score indicating better delay (preferred).
Brain activation in Mother-Stranger Task
时间窗: Age 15 years
Functional connectivity assessed through fMRI when viewing photos of mothers vs. strangers
Trier Social Stress Test-ANS
时间窗: Age 13 years
Participants will be met by two research assistants (one male, one female), whom they have not met previously. The research assistants will tell the participants that they will have 5 minutes to prepare a speech which they will give to the researchers who will rate the speech. Participants will then give their speeches for 5 minutes; the research assistants will maintain neutral expressions and provide no feedback. Afterwards, participants will be asked to do (age-adjusted) mental arithmetic aloud (Buske-Kirschbaum et al.,1997).Assess child autonomic nervous system regulation, examine reactivity from baseline in RSA.
Revealed differences task-adolescent ANS
时间窗: 15 years of age.
The control of cardiac functions via the vagal nerve, or vagal tone, is an index of parasympathetic activity. It can be measured by heart rate variability associated with respiration or high frequency respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA). RSA data will be collected continuously throughout the parent-child interaction using a MindWare Portable Lab system. Greater changes in RSA from baseline to discussion considered preferable.
Adolescent risky behaviors
时间窗: 15 years of age
Adolescents will complete the Youth Risk Behavior Survey. Higher scores reflect more risky problems, with a possible range of 8-28.
Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview for Children and Adolescents
时间窗: 14 years of age
Psychiatric interview. Higher scores reflect more psychiatric symptoms, with a range of 0-8.
次要结局
未报告次要终点