Chronic Impacts of Endocrine Therapy on Cardiovascular and Brain Health Outcomes in Breast Cancer

Recruiting

• Conditions: Breast Cancer Females

• Registration Number: NCT06776458
• Lead Sponsor: University of Toronto

Brief Summary

Aromatase inhibitors are the most used endocrine therapy for hormone-positive breast cancer. Despite the evidence that aromatase inhibitor therapy is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events, potentially related to the duration of use, no studies have been conducted to characterize the long-term effects of aromatase inhibitor therapy on the heart or vessel structure and function as underlying determinants of cardiovascular mortality. This study will characterize the long-term effects of aromatase inhibitor therapy on established and novel health indices for CVD in breast cancer patients, by examining cross-sectionally compare health indices 1-, 5- and 10-years post-diagnosis in breast cancer survivors to controls. Specifically, our objectives are as follows:

1. To examine the effects of aromatase inhibitor therapy on early risk indicators for cardiovascular disease in the peripheral vasculature and heart, including aortic stiffness (primary outcome) and secondary outcomes of peripheral and carotid artery stiffness, blood biomarkers (lipids), blood pressure, carotid intima media thickness, endothelial function, and left ventricular ejection fraction, global longitudinal strain, and left ventricular diastolic function, in breast cancer survivors compared to controls.

2. To examine the effects of aromatase inhibitor therapy on factors related to cerebrovascular health, autonomic regulation, and cognitive function, including BDNF, heart rate variability, cerebrovascular function in response to a supine-sit-stand maneuver and squatting challenge, and a core battery of cognitive function tests, in breast cancer survivors compared to controls.

3. To examine the effects of aromatase inhibitor therapy on body composition, bone mineral density, and protein metabolism, in breast cancer survivors compared to controls.

4. To examine the effects of aromatase inhibitor therapy on lifestyle factors (behavioural), including diet, physical activity (including cardiorespiratory fitness), sleep, stress, and quality of life, in breast cancer survivors compared to controls.

The investigators hypothesize that biologic and behavioural cardiovascular health indices will be deteriorated relative to controls as early as 1 year post-diagnosis and that prolonged use will further accelerate aging-related impairments.

Detailed Description

Not available

Study Timeline

• Study First Submitted: 2024-12-30
• Status Verified: 2025-01
• Study First Submitted QC: 2025-01-13
• Last Update Submitted: 2025-01-13
• Study First Posted: 2025-01-15
• Last Update Posted: 2025-01-15
• Study Start: 2025-02-01
• Primary Completion: 2026-09-30
• Study Completion: 2026-09-30

Recruitment & Eligibility

• Status: RECRUITING
• Sex: Female
• Target Recruitment: 112

Inclusion Criteria

Case group:

• Biologically female
• Post-menopausal with natural (no bilateral oophorectomy) amenorrhea for at least 1 year
• If using hormone replacement therapy, limit of a maximum of 3 years of treatment but not within the last 6 months.
• Diagnosis of stage I, II, or III breast cancer
• Hormone receptor positive breast cancer
• HER negative (ER+/PR+/HER-) breast cancer
• Breast cancer patients ~1 post-diagnosis who have received aromatase inhibitor therapy
• Breast cancer patients ~5 and ~10 years post-diagnosis who have received aromatase inhibitor therapy for at least 2 years
• Received surgery/radiation therapies

Control group:

• Biologically female
• Post-menopausal with natural (no bilateral oophorectomy) amenorrhea for at least 1 year
• If using hormone replacement therapy, limit of a maximum of 3 years of treatment but not within the last 6 months.

Exclusion Criteria

• Previous treatment using tamoxifen endocrine therapy in a pre-or peri-menopausal setting
• Major signs or symptoms of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, or renal disease (taken from the American College of Sports Medicine's Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription 11th edition Table 2.1: pain or discomfort in the chest, neck, jaw, arms with rest or exercise, shortness of breath at rest or with mild exertion, dizziness or syncope, loss of balance or passing out, ankle edema, palpitations or tachycardia, intermittent claudication, known heart murmur, unusual fatigue with usual activities.)
• American Heart Association's absolute or relative contraindications for symptom-limited maximal exercise testing (myocardial infarction, aortic or coronary artery stenosis, heart failure, pulmonary embolism or deep vein thrombosis, inflammation of the heart (myocarditis, pericarditis, and/or endocarditis), uncontrolled cardiac arrythmia, advanced or complete electrical heart block, stroke or transient ischemia attack, blood pressure >200mmHg/100mmHg, a cancer diagnosis other than skin cancer)
• Unable to provide informed consent or communicate in English
• Mobility limitations to exercise testing (i.e., wheelchair, walker use, limp impeding walking)
• Extreme claustrophobia

Study & Design

• Study Type: OBSERVATIONAL
• Study Design: Not specified

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Aortic Stiffness	Day 2 (In-Person Session)	Aortic stiffness, measured non-invasively by pulse wave velocity, will be assessed using applanation tonometry.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Brachial Artery Endothelial Function	Day 2 (In-Person Session)	Endothelial function will be assessed using the gold standard method of flow mediated dilation (FMD) using non-invasive duplex ultrasound (GE Vivid IQ) and edge-tracking software.
Carotid Artery Stiffness	Day 2 (In-Person Session)	Functional assessment of the carotid artery stiffness will be assessed using B-mode ultrasound and artery edge-tracking software
Carotid Intima Media Thickness	Day 2 (In-Person Session)	Structural assessment of the carotid artery thickness will be assessed using B-mode ultrasound and artery edge-tracking software
Arterial Stiffness	Day 2 (In-Person Session)	Measured by Pulse Wave Velocity (PWV) of the arm and leg
Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (LVEF)	Day 2 (In-Person Session)	Cardiac outcomes will be assessed via echocardiography (GE Vivid IQ) and analyzed using Echopac software, represented as a % using the following formula: stroke volume/end diastolic volume x 100%.
Global Longitudinal Strain	Day 2 (In-Person Session)	Cardiac outcomes will be assessed via echocardiography (GE Vivid IQ) and analyzed using Echopac software, expressed as a percentage of the relative change in length of the left ventricle through a cardiac cycle.
Left Ventricular Diastolic Function	Day 2 (In-Person Session)	Cardiac outcomes will be assessed via echocardiography (GE Vivid IQ) and analyzed using Echopac software, assessed by the ratio of peak early diastolic velocity to peak mitral valve velocity (E/A ratio).
Cerebrovascular Response	Day 2 (In-Person Session)	Cerebral blood flow velocity response (delta change compared to rest) of the middle cerebral artery will be assessed using transcranial Doppler ultrasound (Neurovision Transcranial Doppler System Model 500M) in accordance with recent guidelines, in response to postural changes (sit-to-stand) and exercise (squatting).
Brain derived neurotrophic factor	Day 2 (In-Person Session)	Brain derived neurotrophic factor will be assessed via fasted venipuncture using in-house assays.
Lipid profile	Day 2 (In-Person Session)	HDL, LDL, total Cholesterol, Triglycerides analyzed from blood serum using a clinical assay at a core lab.
Hemoglobin A1c	Day 2 (In-Person Session)	Analyzed from blood plasma using a clinical assay at a core lab.
Insulin resistance	Day 2 (In-Person Session)	Calculated as Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) from fasting blood measures of glucose and insulin, analyzed using a clinical assay at a core lab.
Protein metabolism	Day 1 (At-Home Session)	Analyzed from breathing test and urine sample before and after the participant consume a test protein drink.

Trial Locations

Locations (1)

University of Toronto; 🇨🇦 Toronto, Ontario, Canada