Brain patterns of anticipatory and consummatory reward.

Recruitment & Eligibility

Status: Completed

Sex: Not specified

Target Recruitment: 26

Inclusion Criteria

See page 10 and 11 of the protocol:
-Gender: female
-Age: 18-35 year
-BMI: 18.5 - 25.0 kg/m2
-Healthy (as judged by the participant)
-Being right handed

Exclusion Criteria

See page 11 and 12 of the protocol:
-Restraint eating (score > 2.80 )
-Lack of appetite
-Having difficulties with swallowing/eating
-Usage of an energy restricted diet during the last two months
-Weight loss or weight gain of 5 kg or more during the last two months
-Stomach or bowel diseases
-Diabetes, thyroid disease, kidney disease and other endocrine disorders
-Having a history of neurological disorders
-Having taste or smell disorders
-Having schizophrenia or another serious mental illnesses
-Usage of daily medication other than oral contraceptives, Paracetamol or hay fever tablets
-Pregnancy during the last 6 months, having the intention to become pregnant or lactating
-Smoking on average more than one cigarette/cigar a day
-Being allergic/intolerant for products under study
-Exclusive consumption of *light* versions of beverages
-Avoidance of *light* versions of beverages
-Disliking the beverages under study
-Working or doing an internship/thesis at the group Sensory science and eating behavior (WUR)
-Current participation in other nutrition related or medical research
-Having a history of or current alcohol consumption of on average more than 28 units per week
-Having a contra-indication to MRI scanning

Study & Design

Study Type: Interventional

Study Design: Not specified

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
<p>The main study parameters/endpoints are (1) the difference in brain activation<br /><br>between an anticipatory reward and a consummatory reward and (2) the difference<br /><br>in brain activation between a consummatory reward labeled as light versus<br /><br>labeled as regular. </p><br>

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
<p>The 1st secondary study parameter/endpoint is the correlation between brain<br /><br>activation in response to exposure to an anticipatory or a consummatory reward<br /><br>and reaction times and errors (push/pull measure). In addition, two groups will<br /><br>be made based on the product choice outcome and anticipatory reward responses<br /><br>and consummatory reward responses are compared between those groups (i.e. there<br /><br>is looked at the group*reward response interaction).<br /><br><br /><br>The 2nd secondary study parameter/endpoint is the correlation between brain<br /><br>activation in response to exposure to an anticipatory or a consummatory reward<br /><br>and subject characteristics like reward sensitivity, delayed discounting,<br /><br>impulsivity, health attitude, stress, executive functioning and food neophobia.</p><br>