Pictorial Warning Labels and Memory for Relative and Absolute Cigarette Health-risk Information Over Time in Teens
Trial Snapshot
- Phase
- Not Applicable
- Status
- Completed
- Sponsor
- Ohio State University
- Enrollment
- 422
- Primary Endpoint
- numeric risk recognition
Study Overview
Brief Summary
Pictorial cigarette warning labels (PWLs) are thought to increase risk knowledge, but experimental research has not examined PWLs' longer term effects on memory for health risks. In this study, teens who have experimented with smoking or are considered vulnerable to smoking are repeatedly exposed to text-only vs. graphic warning labels paired with numeric risk information. This study will allow us to assess the extent to which reactions to warnings remain consistent over time and influence future smoking intentions. We will also assess the impact of graphic images on memory for smoking risk information presented in absolute and (a smokers lifetime risk of getting a smoking related disease), or relative (a smokers risk of getting a smoking related disease, compared to the risk of non-smokers) formats.
Study Design
- Study Type
- Interventional
- Allocation
- Randomized
- Intervention Model
- Factorial
- Primary Purpose
- Prevention
- Masking
- Double (Participant, Outcomes Assessor)
Eligibility Criteria
- Ages
- 14 Years to 18 Years (Child, Adult)
- Sex
- All
- Accepts Healthy Volunteers
- Yes
Inclusion Criteria
- •have ever tried smoking
- •report vulnerability to smoking (i.e., report that they might smoke in the next year or would try a cigarette if a friend offered one)
- •parents give permission to participate
Exclusion Criteria
- •not vulnerable to smoking (i.e., report they will definitely not smoke a cigarette in the next year and definitely would not try a cigarette if one was offered
- •parents do not provide permission to participate
Arms & Interventions
Text-only PWL, absol risk
Exposure to FDA-mandated warning labels, without a graphic image, accompanied by risk information about smoker's risk of a smoking-related disease
Intervention: text-only PWL (Behavioral)
Text-only PWL, absol risk
Exposure to FDA-mandated warning labels, without a graphic image, accompanied by risk information about smoker's risk of a smoking-related disease
Intervention: absolute risk (Behavioral)
text-only PWL, relative risk
Exposure to FDA-mandated warning labels, without a graphic image, accompanied by risk information about smoker's risk and non-smoker's risk of a smoking-related disease
Intervention: text-only PWL (Behavioral)
text-only PWL, relative risk
Exposure to FDA-mandated warning labels, without a graphic image, accompanied by risk information about smoker's risk and non-smoker's risk of a smoking-related disease
Intervention: relative risk (Behavioral)
graphic PWL, absol risk
Exposure to FDA-mandated warning labels, paired with a graphic image, accompanied by risk information about smoker's risk of a smoking-related disease
Intervention: graphic PWL (Behavioral)
graphic PWL, absol risk
Exposure to FDA-mandated warning labels, paired with a graphic image, accompanied by risk information about smoker's risk of a smoking-related disease
Intervention: absolute risk (Behavioral)
graphic PWL, relative risk
Exposure to FDA-mandated warning labels, paired with a graphic image, accompanied by risk information about smoker's risk and non-smoker's risk of a smoking-related disease
Intervention: graphic PWL (Behavioral)
graphic PWL, relative risk
Exposure to FDA-mandated warning labels, paired with a graphic image, accompanied by risk information about smoker's risk and non-smoker's risk of a smoking-related disease
Intervention: relative risk (Behavioral)
Outcomes
Primary Outcomes
numeric risk recognition
Time Frame: measured immediately following last exposure
Participants answered one multiple choice question about the numeric risk for smokers for each label (e.g., ____% of smokers die before age 85). For each question, there were four decoy responses.
Secondary Outcomes
- smoking risk perceptions(measured after 6-week delay)
- risk recognition(measured after 6-week delay)
- quit intentions (for next 30 days)(measured after 6-week delay)
- numeric risk recognition(measured after 6-week delay)
- quit intentions (for next year)(measured after 6-week delay)
- relative risk recognition(measured after 6-week delay)
- feelings about smoking(measured after 6-week delay)
Investigators
Ellen Peters
Professor
Ohio State University