Pictorial Warning Labels and Memory for Relative and Absolute Cigarette Health-risk Information Over Time in Teens

Not Applicable

Completed

• Conditions: Smoking Cessation; Smoking, Cigarette
• Interventions: Behavioral: graphic PWL; Behavioral: text-only PWL; Behavioral: relative risk; Behavioral: absolute risk

• Registration Number: NCT03500965
• Lead Sponsor: Ohio State University

Brief Summary

Pictorial cigarette warning labels (PWLs) are thought to increase risk knowledge, but experimental research has not examined PWLs' longer term effects on memory for health risks. In this study, teens who have experimented with smoking or are considered vulnerable to smoking are repeatedly exposed to text-only vs. graphic warning labels paired with numeric risk information. This study will allow us to assess the extent to which reactions to warnings remain consistent over time and influence future smoking intentions. We will also assess the impact of graphic images on memory for smoking risk information presented in absolute and (a smokers lifetime risk of getting a smoking related disease), or relative (a smokers risk of getting a smoking related disease, compared to the risk of non-smokers) formats.

Detailed Description

Not available

Basic Information
|
Recruitment & Eligibility
|
Study & Design

Study Timeline

• Study Start: 2016-05-25
• Primary Completion: 2018-01-09
• Study Completion: 2018-01-09
• Study First Submitted: 2018-02-14
• Status Verified: 2018-04
• Study First Submitted QC: 2018-04-09
• Last Update Submitted: 2018-04-09
• Study First Posted: 2018-04-18
• Last Update Posted: 2018-04-18

Recruitment & Eligibility

• Status: COMPLETED
• Sex: All
• Target Recruitment: 422

Inclusion Criteria

• have ever tried smoking
• report vulnerability to smoking (i.e., report that they might smoke in the next year or would try a cigarette if a friend offered one)
• parents give permission to participate

Read More

Exclusion Criteria

• not vulnerable to smoking (i.e., report they will definitely not smoke a cigarette in the next year and definitely would not try a cigarette if one was offered
• parents do not provide permission to participate

Read More

Study & Design

• Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Design: FACTORIAL

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
graphic PWL, absol risk	graphic PWL	Exposure to FDA-mandated warning labels, paired with a graphic image, accompanied by risk information about smoker's risk of a smoking-related disease
text-only PWL, relative risk	text-only PWL	Exposure to FDA-mandated warning labels, without a graphic image, accompanied by risk information about smoker's risk and non-smoker's risk of a smoking-related disease
graphic PWL, relative risk	graphic PWL	Exposure to FDA-mandated warning labels, paired with a graphic image, accompanied by risk information about smoker's risk and non-smoker's risk of a smoking-related disease
graphic PWL, relative risk	relative risk	Exposure to FDA-mandated warning labels, paired with a graphic image, accompanied by risk information about smoker's risk and non-smoker's risk of a smoking-related disease
Text-only PWL, absol risk	text-only PWL	Exposure to FDA-mandated warning labels, without a graphic image, accompanied by risk information about smoker's risk of a smoking-related disease
Text-only PWL, absol risk	absolute risk	Exposure to FDA-mandated warning labels, without a graphic image, accompanied by risk information about smoker's risk of a smoking-related disease
text-only PWL, relative risk	relative risk	Exposure to FDA-mandated warning labels, without a graphic image, accompanied by risk information about smoker's risk and non-smoker's risk of a smoking-related disease
graphic PWL, absol risk	absolute risk	Exposure to FDA-mandated warning labels, paired with a graphic image, accompanied by risk information about smoker's risk of a smoking-related disease

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
numeric risk recognition	measured immediately following last exposure	Participants answered one multiple choice question about the numeric risk for smokers for each label (e.g., ____% of smokers die before age 85). For each question, there were four decoy responses.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
numeric risk recognition	measured after 6-week delay	Participants answered one multiple choice question about the numeric risk for smokers for each label (e.g., ____% of smokers die before age 85). For each question, there were four decoy responses.
quit intentions (for next year)	measured after 6-week delay	Participants intentions to quit smoking; self-reported likelihood of smoking "within the next year" (-3 = very unlikely, 3 = very likely); only for those teens who currently smoked
smoking risk perceptions	measured after 6-week delay	Participants completed several scale items about how much risk they perceived smoking posed to them (e.g., "If a person smokes at your age, how likely are they to get a life-threatening illness from smoking someday ?" \[1=very unlikely; 5=extremely likely\])
risk recognition	measured after 6-week delay	Participants were given a list of 9 warnings and asked to select which ones they'd been previously exposed to
quit intentions (for next 30 days)	measured after 6-week delay	Participants intentions to quit smoking; self-reported likelihood of smoking "within the next 30 days" (-3 = very unlikely, 3 = very likely); (only for those teens who currently smoked)
relative risk recognition	measured after 6-week delay	Participants answered one multiple choice question about the numeric risk for smokers vs. nonsmokers for each health risk (e.g., a smoker is ____ as likely to die from heart disease as a nonsmoker). For each question, there were three decoy responses (e.g., for heart disease, response options were: "about as likely," "1.75 times," "4.1 times," "10.4 times").
feelings about smoking	measured after 6-week delay	Participants completed several scale items about their feelings towards smoking (e.g., "How good or bad do you feel about smoking?" -2=very bad; +2=very good; "How much do you feel confused about the harms vs. benefits of smoking?" 0=not at all confused; 4=very confused)