Pictorial Warning Labels & Memory for Relative & Absolute Cigarette Health-risk Information Over Time in Adult Smokers
Trial Snapshot
- Phase
- Not Applicable
- Status
- Completed
- Sponsor
- Ohio State University
- Enrollment
- 3,213
- Locations
- 2
- Primary Endpoint
- numeric risk recognition
Study Overview
Brief Summary
Pictorial cigarette warning labels (PWLs) are thought to increase risk knowledge, but experimental research has not examined PWLs' longer term effects on memory for health risks. In this study, adult smokers are repeatedly exposed to text-only vs. low arousal graphic vs. high arousal graphic warning labels paired with numeric risk information. This study will allow the investigators to assess the extent to which reactions to warnings remain consistent over time and influence smoking risk perceptions and quit intentions. The investigators will also assess the impact of graphic images on memory for smoking risk information presented in absolute (a smoker's lifetime risk of getting a smoking related disease) versus relative (a smoker's risk of getting a smoking related disease, compared to the risk of non-smokers) formats.
Study Design
- Study Type
- Interventional
- Allocation
- Randomized
- Intervention Model
- Factorial
- Primary Purpose
- Prevention
- Masking
- Double (Participant, Outcomes Assessor)
Eligibility Criteria
- Ages
- 19 Years to 64 Years (Adult)
- Sex
- All
- Accepts Healthy Volunteers
- Yes
Inclusion Criteria
- •have smoked 100+ lifetime cigarettes
- •currently smoke "every day" or "some days."
Exclusion Criteria
- •have not ever smoked a cigarette
Arms & Interventions
Text-only PWL, absolute risk
Exposure to FDA-mandated warning labels, without a graphic image, accompanied by risk information about smoker's risk of a smoking-related disease
Intervention: text-only PWL (Behavioral)
Text-only PWL, absolute risk
Exposure to FDA-mandated warning labels, without a graphic image, accompanied by risk information about smoker's risk of a smoking-related disease
Intervention: absolute risk (Behavioral)
Text-only PWL, relative risk
Exposure to FDA-mandated warning labels, without a graphic image, accompanied by risk information about smoker's risk and non-smoker's risk of a smoking-related disease
Intervention: text-only PWL (Behavioral)
Text-only PWL, relative risk
Exposure to FDA-mandated warning labels, without a graphic image, accompanied by risk information about smoker's risk and non-smoker's risk of a smoking-related disease
Intervention: relative risk (Behavioral)
Low arousal graphic PWL, absolute risk
Exposure to FDA-mandated warning labels, paired with a low arousal graphic image, accompanied by risk information about smoker's risk of a smoking-related disease
Intervention: low arousal graphic PWL (Behavioral)
Low arousal graphic PWL, absolute risk
Exposure to FDA-mandated warning labels, paired with a low arousal graphic image, accompanied by risk information about smoker's risk of a smoking-related disease
Intervention: absolute risk (Behavioral)
Low arousal graphic PWL, relative risk
Exposure to FDA-mandated warning labels, paired with a low arousal graphic image, accompanied by risk information about smoker's risk and non-smoker's risk of a smoking-related disease
Intervention: low arousal graphic PWL (Behavioral)
Low arousal graphic PWL, relative risk
Exposure to FDA-mandated warning labels, paired with a low arousal graphic image, accompanied by risk information about smoker's risk and non-smoker's risk of a smoking-related disease
Intervention: relative risk (Behavioral)
High arousal graphic PWL, absolute risk
Exposure to FDA-mandated warning labels, paired with a high arousal graphic image, accompanied by risk information about smoker's risk of a smoking-related disease
Intervention: high arousal graphic PWL (Behavioral)
High arousal graphic PWL, absolute risk
Exposure to FDA-mandated warning labels, paired with a high arousal graphic image, accompanied by risk information about smoker's risk of a smoking-related disease
Intervention: absolute risk (Behavioral)
High arousal graphic PWL, relative risk
Exposure to FDA-mandated warning labels, paired with a high arousal graphic image, accompanied by risk information about smoker's risk and non-smoker's risk of a smoking-related disease
Intervention: high arousal graphic PWL (Behavioral)
High arousal graphic PWL, relative risk
Exposure to FDA-mandated warning labels, paired with a high arousal graphic image, accompanied by risk information about smoker's risk and non-smoker's risk of a smoking-related disease
Intervention: relative risk (Behavioral)
Outcomes
Primary Outcomes
numeric risk recognition
Time Frame: measured immediately following last exposure
Participants answered one multiple choice question about the numeric risk for smokers for each label (e.g., ____% of smokers die before age 85). For each question, there were four decoy responses.
Secondary Outcomes
- numeric risk recognition(measured after 6-week delay)
- relative risk recognition(measured after 6-week delay)
- risk recognition(measured after 6-week delay)
- smoking risk perceptions(measured after 6-week delay)
- quit intentions (for next 30 days)(measured after 6-week delay)
- quit intentions (for next year)(measured after 6-week delay)
- feelings about smoking(measured after 6-week delay)
Investigators
Ellen Peters
Professor
Ohio State University