Effects of Progressive Muscle Relaxation and Mindfulness Meditation in Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Not Applicable

Brief Summary: Patients with COPD will be entered. Participants will be randomized to one of three study arms: Arm 1: meditation; Arm 2: relaxation; Arm 3: Control. Hypothesis: Progressive muscle relaxation and mindfulness meditation will decrease severity of dyspnea, fatigue and care dependency.

Detailed Description: Previous reports have revealed that progressive muscle relaxation and meditation are decreasing symptoms burden in chronic disease. On the other hand, no study has been conducted to determine the effects of progressive relaxation exercise and mindfulness meditation on dyspnea, fatigue and care dependency in patients with COPD. The present study investigates the effects of progressive muscle relaxation and mindfulness meditation in a single-site, 3-arm, assessor-blinded randomized, controlled study of 65 COPD patients. Arm 1: meditation; Arm 2: relaxation; Arm 3: Control.The investigators hypothesize that Progressive muscle relaxation and mindfulness meditation will decrease the severity of dyspnea, fatigue and care dependency.

Recruitment & Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria

Exclusion Criteria

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
relaxation	mindfullness and relaxation	The progressive muscle relaxation intervention, designed by Jacobson (1987), will be consist of sessions involving straining and relaxing all muscle groups from head to foot with deep breathing and last for 20 min. The patients will be asked to tense a very muscle group for 5 s and relax after counting up to 10 s while breathing out. In this way, facial, head, neck, shoulders, arms, chest, abdomen, legs, hips, feet and fingers muscles are stretched and relaxed on purpose for relaxing in patients with COPD.
mindfulness meditation	mindfullness and relaxation	The research team closely will be following the mindfulness meditation intervention, developed by Kabat-Zinn, Lipworth, and Burney (1985), which is a part of the mindfulness-based stress reduction program. Mindfulness meditation is including interventions such as yoga, body scan, walking meditation, and sitting meditations. In the present study, the researchers will prefer sitting meditation. In this context, the second co-author will want patients to sit up in the chair in an upright and comfortable position. The patients will focus on deep breathing and felled the breath flowing throughout their body during the interventions that will last for 20 min in each session.

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Change in care dependency	Baseline measurements, at the end of 12th week and four weeks after the completion of the interventions	Quality of live will be measured by Care Dependency Scale (CDS). The sum of the scores changes from 17 to 85, with higher scores demonstrating lower dependence.
Change in fatigue	Baseline measurements, at the end of 12th week and four weeks after the completion of the interventions	Quality of live will be measured by Asthma Fatigue Scale (CAFS). The CAFS scores is standardized to 0-100 in line with the following formula, (100 × (total score-minimum value to be obtained)/range), with higher scores indicating greater fatigue.
Change in dyspnea	Baseline measurements, at the end of 12th week and four weeks after the completion of the interventions	Dyspnea will be measured by The Dyspnea-12 Scale. The range of total score was from 0 to 36, with higher scores demonstrating higher dyspnea level.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method

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