Study of Capecitabine In Patients With Solid Tumors

Phase 1

Completed

Brief Summary: Hypothesis:

Patients with TYMS 2R/2R or 2R/3R appear to be more sensitive to fluoropyrimidines, conferring a higher risk of grade 3-4 fluoropyrimidine related toxicity and a higher response rate compared with 3R/3R. The genotype 3R/3R is more common in East Asia and is associated with greater tolerability to fluoropyrimidine as measured by lower toxicity but also lower response rates. As sensitivity to fluoropyrimidine appears to be affected by TYMS genotype, we hypothesise that patients with TYMS 3R/3R are more tolerant to standard doses of capecitabine and require higher doses to overcome fluoropyrimidine resistance. We designed this study to develop TYMS genotype specific dosing of capecitabine.

Aims:

1. To determine the maximal tolerated dose (MTD) of capecitabine twice a day for two weeks followed by one week rest period (intermittent schedule) in patients with the advanced/ and or metastatic cancer based on TYMS genotype.

2. To determine a suitable phase II dose of intermittent schedule capecitabine.

3. To determine the safety and toxicity of this regimen.

4. To perform plasma pharmacokinetics of capecitabine.

5. To determine the relationship between genes of relevance in the fluoropyrimidine pathway with pharmacokinetics and toxicity.

Recruitment & Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria

Cytologically or histologically confirmed advanced or metastatic non- hematologic malignancy that had failed previous therapies or cancer for which there are no standard treatment options.
Presence of at least one uni-dimensional measurable lesion as defined by the RECIST criteria.
Required genotype characteristics:
- Group 1: TSER genotype 2R/2R or 2R/3R
- Group 2: TSER genotype 3R/3R
Able to swallow capsules
Age>=18 years
Kanorfsky performance status of at least 70% or ECOG performance status <2 (Appendix A)
Life expectancy of at least 3 months
Hb >=9 g/dL
ANC >=1.5 x 10^9/L
Platelet count >=100 x 10^9/L.
Total bilirubin and serum creatinine <=1.5x upper limits of normal reference range (ULN)
Alkaline phosphatase, AST/ALT levels <=2.5x upper limit of normal. If hepatic metastases are present, these parameters could be <=10x the ULN.
Women of reproductive age and men must agree to practice effective contraception during the entire study period. Postmenopausal women must have been amenorrheic for at least 12 months to be considered of non-child- bearing potential. Females with childbearing potential must have a negative serum pregnancy test within 7days prior to study enrolment. Should a woman become pregnant or suspect she is pregnant while participating in this study, she should inform her treating physician immediately.
Signed written informed consent

Exclusion Criteria

Received any anti-cancer therapy including chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiotherapy, hormonal, biologic or any investigational therapy within 28 days prior to study drug administration (6 weeks for mitomycin or nitroureas) and not recovered.
Patients who have not recovered from major surgery
Any woman pregnant or lactating.
Known CNS metastases
Renal impairment with a creatinine clearance <=50mL/min (as calculated according to Cockcroft and Gault formula) or serum creatinine > ULN
Clinically significant cardiac disease, eg. Congestive cardiac failure, symptomatic coronary heart disease, cardiac arrhythmia or myocardial infarction within the last 12 months.
Known HIV infection
Uncontrolled intercurrent illness including, but not limited to, ongoing or active infection, other serious uncontrolled concomitant disease, psychiatric illness/ social situation that would limit study compliance.
Known allergies to any component of the study drug
Lack of physical integrity of the upper gastrointestinal tract or those with malabsorption syndrome
Organ allografts
Known dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase deficiency

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
Group 2: TSER 3R/3R	Capecitabine	Cohorts of 3-6 patients in each genotype group will receive escalating doses of capecitabine until MTD is reached. Once MTD is determined, an additional 6-9 patients (for a total of 12 patients) will receive treatment at that dose.
Group 1: TSER 2R/2R or 2R/3R	Capecitabine	Cohorts of 3-6 patients in this genotype group will receive escalating doses of capecitabine until MTD is reached. Once MTD is determined, an additional 6-9 patients (for a total of 12 patients) will receive treatment at that dose.

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
To determine the maximal tolerated dose (MTD) of capecitabine twice a day for two weeks followed by one week rest period (intermittent schedule) in patients with the advanced/ and or metastatic cancer based on TYMS genotype.	4 weeks

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Plasma concentrations of capecitabine and its metabolites	3 weeks	Pharmacokinetic sampling will be performed during cycle 1 on days 1 and 14 at the following time points: Baseline (predose), and 15 min, 30 min, 1 hr, 2 hr, 4 hr, 5 hr and 6 hr after dosing. Blood samples will be centrifuged at 1500 g and 4oC for 10 min and supernatant plasma removed and stored below -20oC until analysis. Plasma concentrations of capecitabine and its metabolites will be quantified by a validated liquid chromatography with mass-spectrometry detection (LC-MS-MS) method