Effects of a Mindfulness-Based Intervention Delivered Via Instant Messaging on Parents' Wellbeing: A Randomized Controlled Trial and Investigation of Moderators

Nonattachment Scale - Short Form

Time Frame: Change from Baseline Nonattachment Scale - Short Form at immediately after the intervention and two weeks after intervention

Nonattachment Scale measures an individual's release from mental fixations in a flexible, balanced way of relating to one's experiences without clinging to or suppressing them (Chio, Lai, \& Mak, 2018). The minimum score was 0 and the maximum was 48. The higher the score the more nonattached the participant. Higher scores indicate better outcome.

Peace of mind

Time Frame: Change from Baseline Peace of mind Scale - Short Form at immediately after the intervention and two weeks after intervention

Peace of mind scale measures an individual's internal state of peacefulness and harmony (Lee et al., 2013).The minimum score was 0 and the maximum score was 35. Higher scores reflect higher levels of peace of mind. Higher scores indicate better outcome.

Non-attachment to Self Scale

Time Frame: Change from Baseline Non-attachment to Self Scale at immediately after the intervention and two weeks after intervention

Non-attachment to Self Scale measures the absence of fixation on self-related concepts, thoughts and feelings, and a capacity to flexibly interact with these concepts, thoughts and feelings without trying to control them (Whitehead et al., 2018). The minimum score was 0 and the maximum was 49. The higher the score the more nonattached the participant. Higher scores indicate better outcome.

Parental Stress Scale

Time Frame: Change from Baseline Parental Stress Scale at immediately after the intervention and two weeks after intervention

The Parental Stress Scale was used to measure self-perceived stress specific to the parenting role. Parental Stress Scale was originally developed by Berry and Jones (1995) to measure parental feelings and experiences in terms of rewards, satisfaction, controllability, and stress. The minimum score was 0 and the maximum score was 64. A score of 0 represents lowest level of parental stress possible, whereas a score of 64 represents highest level of parental stress. Higher scores indicate worse outcome.

Interpersonal Mindfulness in Parenting Scale

Time Frame: Change from Baseline Interpersonal Mindfulness in Parenting scale at immediately after the intervention and two weeks after intervention

The 31-item Interpersonal Mindfulness in Parenting scale was adopted to measure parents' self-reported engagement in mindful parenting (Duncan, 2007). The minimum score was 0 and the maximum score was 155. A score of 0 represents lowest level of parental mindfulness, whereas a score of 155 represents highest level of parental mindfulness possible. Higher scores indicate better outcome.