iQuit Mindfully: Text Messaging for Smoking Cessation

Not Applicable

Completed

Interventions: Behavioral: Mindfulness-based Addiction Treatment
Behavioral: Self-Help guide
Behavioral: iQuit Mindfully
Drug: Nicotine Patch

Brief Summary: The purpose of this study is to investigate text messaging as a way to enhance mindfulness-based treatment for smoking cessation.

Detailed Description: This study is a pilot investigation of mindfulness-based smoking cessation treatment incorporating between-session text messaging ("iQuit Mindfully"). Participants will be randomly assigned to one of two groups: Mindfulness-based Addiction Treatment (MBAT) or iQuit Mindfully (MBAT with the addition of between-session text messages).

All participants will receive in-person group treatment based on the 8-week MBAT protocol in addition to nicotine patch therapy and self-help materials. Participants assigned to iQuit Mindfully will receive additional support via text messaging. Assessments will occur at baseline, at each of the weekly in-person visits, at end of treatment, and at 1-month follow-up. Feasibility, smoking abstinence, mindfulness practice, and indicators of tobacco dependence and psychological well-being will be assessed.

Recruitment & Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria

age 18-65 years
current smoker with history of >5 cigarettes/day for past year (and expired carbon monoxide >6 parts per million [ppm])
motivated to quit within next 30 days
valid home address in the greater Atlanta, Georgia area
functioning telephone number
own a mobile phone with text messaging capacity
can speak, read, and write in English
at least a sixth-grade level of health literacy

Exclusion Criteria

contraindication for nicotine patch
active substance abuse/dependence
regular use of tobacco products other than cigarettes
current use of tobacco cessation medications
pregnancy or lactation
household member enrolled in the study
current diagnosis of schizophrenia or bipolar disorder, or use of antipsychotic medications
clinically significant depressive symptoms

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
Mindfulness-based Addiction Treatment (MBAT)	Mindfulness-based Addiction Treatment	Nicotine patch; self-help guide; MBAT
Mindfulness-based Addiction Treatment (MBAT)	Self-Help guide	Nicotine patch; self-help guide; MBAT
Mindfulness-based Addiction Treatment (MBAT)	Nicotine Patch	Nicotine patch; self-help guide; MBAT
iQuit Mindfully	Mindfulness-based Addiction Treatment	Nicotine patch; self-help guide; MBAT; text messaging
iQuit Mindfully	iQuit Mindfully	Nicotine patch; self-help guide; MBAT; text messaging
iQuit Mindfully	Self-Help guide	Nicotine patch; self-help guide; MBAT; text messaging
iQuit Mindfully	Nicotine Patch	Nicotine patch; self-help guide; MBAT; text messaging

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Smoking Abstinence	End of Treatment (8 weeks)	Number of participants who abstained from smoking (based on self-reported 7-day abstinence, which is biochemically verified by expired carbon monoxide \<6 parts per million (ppm)

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Participant Ratings	End of Treatment (8 weeks)	Perceived Text Message Helpfulness (minimum value 1 \["not at all helpful"\], maximum value 10 \["extremely helpful"\], higher scores mean better outcome)
Attrition	End of treatment (8 weeks)	Number of participants who do not attend end-of-treatment session
Participant Engagement	Over the 8-week treatment period	Number of participants who respond to interactive text messages