Feasibility of the Mindfulness Flow Program (MFP) on Archers

Not Applicable

Completed

• Conditions: Athletes
• Interventions: Behavioral: Mindfulness Flow Program

• Registration Number: NCT06059950
• Lead Sponsor: Hong Kong Metropolitan University

Brief Summary

Mindfulness-based interventions have gained popularity among elite athletes, but their effectiveness for enhancing archery performance remains inconsistent. This study examined the feasibility of a 12-week mindfulness flow program (MFP) specifically designed for archers, and assessed the effect of the MFP on shooting performance. The intervention aims to enhance shooting performance, mindfulness, and the flow state, while reducing post-intervention anxiety.

Detailed Description

The primary goal of the present study was to test the feasibility of a prototype mindfulness flow program (MFP), with 11 sessions conducted via Zoom video meeting and one in-person session of sport-specific session. Additionally, the program seeks to examine the psychological outcomes associated with the intervention specifically among archery athletes. It is anticipated that the experimental group will show reduced anxiety levels and increased levels of mindfulness and flow when comparing their baseline and post-intervention assessments. This study explores the potential of delivering mindfulness programs conveniently to sport populations via the internet, supplemented by one face-to-face sport-specific session to enhance mindfulness and improve sports performance among athletes.

Study Timeline

• Study Start: 2021-03-20
• Primary Completion: 2023-02-10
• Status Verified: 2023-09
• Study Completion: 2023-09-17
• Study First Submitted: 2023-09-18
• Study First Submitted QC: 2023-09-22
• Last Update Submitted: 2023-09-22
• Study First Posted: 2023-09-29
• Last Update Posted: 2023-09-29

Recruitment & Eligibility

• Status: COMPLETED
• Sex: All
• Target Recruitment: 12

Inclusion Criteria

• at least one year of archery training experience and training for at least two hours per week

Exclusion Criteria

• Participants who had previously participated in a mindfulness session were excluded

Study & Design

• Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Design: SINGLE_GROUP

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
Mindfulness Flow Program	Mindfulness Flow Program	Mindfulness flow program, with 11 sessions conducted via Zoom video meeting and one in-person session of sport-specific session.

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Feasibility of the Mindfulness Flow Program (MFP)	up to two weeks	To assess the feasibility of the MFP, the athletes completed a feedback evaluation questionnaire adapted from Kuyken immediately after the end of the intervention (Kuyken et al., 2013). The questionnaire included questions about the number of sessions attended, the frequency of mindfulness practice after class, and the likelihood of continuing to use what they had learned from the course and of introducing the course to other athletes. The athletes rated their enjoyment of each session, on a 10-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (strongly disliked) to 10 (strongly liked).

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Shooting scores	up to 20 weeks	Shooting scores was assessed using the World Archery Federation's qualifying competition procedures (World Archery Federation, 2022). All of the shooters were required to complete 72 shots. The total scores for the 72 shots were used for further analysis. Higher total scores indicated better shooting performance.
Somatic State Anxiety	up to 20 weeks	Somatic state anxiety was assessed using the Chinese Version (Cox et al., 2003) of the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 Questionnaire (CSAI-2; Martens et al., 1990). The somatic state anxiety scale consisted of nine items. Each item was scored on a 4-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (not at all) to 4 (very much so). Higher scores indicate higher somatic state anxiety level.
Cognitive State Anxiety	up to 20 weeks	Cognitive state anxiety was assessed using the the Chinese Version (Cox et al., 2003) of the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 Questionnaire (CSAI-2; Martens et al., 1990). The cognitive state anxiety scale consisted of nine items. Each item was scored on a 4-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (not at all) to 4 (very much so). Higher scores indicate higher cognitive state anxiety level.
Flow state	up to 20 weeks	Flow state was assessed using the Chinese Version (Liu, 2010) of the Short Dispositional Flow Scale (SDFS; Jackson et al., 2008). The nine SDFS items were scored on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (never) to 5 (always), where a higher score indicates a higher overall flow state.
Mindfulness	up to 20 weeks	Mindfulness were assessed using the Chinese version (Deng et al., 2011) of Five facets mindfulness questionnaire (FFMQ) (Baer et al., 2006), with 39 items scored on a 5-point Likert scale (1 = never or very rarely true; 5 = very often or always true). Higher scores indicate higher mindfulness level
Self-confidence	up to 20 weeks	Self-confidence was assessed using the Chinese Version (Cox et al., 2003) of the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 Questionnaire (CSAI-2; Martens et al., 1990). The self-confidence scale consisted of nine items. Each item was scored on a 4-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (not at all) to 4 (very much so). Higher scores indicate higher self-confidence level.

Trial Locations

Locations (1)

Lion Rock Archery Venue; 🇭🇰 Hong Kong, Hong Kong