Character Strengths Intervention Among Psychiatrically Hospitalized Youth

Not Applicable

Completed

• Conditions: Child/Adolescent Problems; Psychiatric Hospitalization; Mental Disorders
• Interventions: Behavioral: Identifying and Writing Down Coping Skills; Behavioral: Identifying and Using Signature Strengths; Behavioral: Treatment as Usual

• Registration Number: NCT02674932
• Lead Sponsor: University of Michigan

Brief Summary

Research has shown that identifying and using one's character strengths in new ways decreases depressive symptoms and increases happiness in adults in the general population. Recently, we found that a similar intervention increases the self-esteem and self-efficacy of children and adolescents being treated in an inpatient psychiatric unit. The purpose of this study is to better understand the effects that discovering one's character strengths and incorporating them into coping skills will have on treatment outcomes in patients admitted to a child and adolescent inpatient psychiatric unit.

Detailed Description

The primary aim of this study is to investigate whether a character strengths-based intervention results in significant improvements in measures of depression, anxiety, resiliency, optimism, self-perception, and life-satisfaction of psychiatrically hospitalized youth up to three months following admission. Secondary aims are to: (1) examine participants' strengths profile to identify potential correlates between character strengths, psychiatric diagnoses and intervention effectiveness; and (2) determine whether patients who continue to incorporate their strengths into coping skills at follow-up assessments exhibit greater improvement over-time.

Participants will be 210 adolescents aged 12 to 17 years admitted to the Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Inpatient Program and will be randomized into one of the three groups. All participants will complete the Values in Action Inventory of Strengths for Youth (VIA-Youth) Survey on their second hospital day and subsequently receive the signature strengths intervention (experimental group), coping skills with memory aids comparison exercise (positive control group), or coping skills without memory aids (treatment-as-usual control group). Outcome measures will be completed by all participants at baseline (day 1 on unit), post-treatment (day 4 on unit), and 1- and 3-months following admission. The proposed research represents a change in paradigm, as we aim to specifically examine the therapeutic benefit of the positive psychology element of our intervention conducted in the pilot study among youth with severe mental illness.

Study Timeline

• Study First Submitted: 2016-01-29
• Study Start: 2016-02
• Study First Submitted QC: 2016-02-02
• Study First Posted: 2016-02-05
• Primary Completion: 2017-12
• Study Completion: 2017-12
• Status Verified: 2019-08
• Last Update Submitted: 2019-08-30
• Last Update Posted: 2019-09-03

Recruitment & Eligibility

• Status: COMPLETED
• Sex: All
• Target Recruitment: 153

Inclusion Criteria

• Patient on Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Unit

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Exclusion Criteria

• Cognitive disability or severe psychosis preventing understanding of survey measures
• Prior use of VIA-Youth Survey
• Absence of legal guardian to consent

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Study & Design

• Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Design: PARALLEL

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
Coping Skills + Memory Aid	Identifying and Writing Down Coping Skills	Patients will complete the VIA-Youth but will not receive any results. The patient will then participate in the Identifying and Writing Down Coping Skills Intervention.
Signature Strengths	Identifying and Using Signature Strengths	Patients will complete the Values in Action Youth Survey (VIA-Youth) and will receive a list of his/her top character strengths ("signature strengths"). The patient will then participate in the Identifying and Using Signature Strengths Intervention.
Coping Skills (Treatment as Usual)	Treatment as Usual	Patients will complete the VIA-Youth but will not receive any results. After completing the VIA-Youth, the study team member and patient will have a treatment-as-usual discussion about coping skills. (This is equivalent to treatment as usual that is already provided on the psychiatric unit-doctors and nurses on the unit already have this a discussion about coping skills with patients).

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Change in anxiety symptoms over time compared to baseline	baseline, 3 days, 1 month, 3 months	Anxiety will be measured using the 5-item Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED), and percent change in anxiety score will be compared across the 3 arms.
Change in depression symptoms over time compared to baseline	baseline, 3 days, 1 month, 3 months	Depression will be measured using Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) for adolescents, and percent change in depression score will be compared across the 3 arms.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Change in self-esteem over time compared to baseline	baseline, 3 days, 1 month, 3 months	Self-esteem will be measured using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (SES), and percent change in self-esteem score will be compared across the 3 arms.
Change in self-efficacy over time compared to baseline	baseline, 3 days, 1 month, 3 months	Self-efficacy will be measured using the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE), and percent change in self-efficacy score will be compared across the 3 arms.
Change in resiliency over time compared to baseline	baseline, 3 days, 1 month, 3 months	Resiliency will be measured using the 10-item Connor Davidson Resiliency Scale (CD-RISC-10), and percent change in resiliency score will be compared across the 3 arms.
Change in life-satisfaction over time compared to baseline	baseline, 3 days, 1 month, 3 months	Life satisfaction will be measured using the Brief Multidimensional Students' Life Satisfaction Scale - PTPB version (BMSLSS-PTPB), and percent change in life satisfaction score will be compared across the 3 arms.