Glasses for Adolescent Delayed Sleep-Wake Phase Disorder

Not Applicable

Completed

Brief Summary: The purpose of this study is to determine if evening amber glasses combined with stable wake times will show an increase in total sleep time (TST) and an advance in sleep onset times (shift earlier) compared to the control group.

Detailed Description: We propose a 3-week field study that examines the efficacy, acceptance, and compliance of using evening amber glasses to block evening light combined with a stable wake time in adolescents (14-17 years) with DSWPD (International Classification of Sleep Disorders \[ICSD-3\] criteria).3 After 1 week of baseline measurements, subjects will be instructed to wear glasses (which allow 14% entry of ambient light exposure) starting 7 h before individually calculated midsleep time measured during the preceding week. This corresponds to the time when adolescents are most sensitive to phase delaying light according to Co-I Crowley's recently published phase response curve (PRC) to light in adolescents (Figure 1).22 This "amber glasses + stable wake time" group will be compared to a control group: adolescent DSWPD patients who will wear clear-lensed glasses (which allow 100% of ambient light to reach the eyes, otherwise identical in appearance) in the evening at the same times as the alternate group, but without scheduled wake times. Outcome measures will include TST and sleep onset time derived from wrist actigraphy, daytime subjective sleepiness, salivary DLMO, and assessments of acceptance and compliance.

Recruitment & Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria

Not provided

Exclusion Criteria

Not provided

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
Clear glasses and Free Wake	Clear Lens Glasses	Participants will wear identically appearing glasses with clear lenses beginning 7 hours before average baseline mid-sleep time until the time of intended sleep onset or until a duration of 7 hours of use is reached. Participants will not be given instructions regarding sleep schedule.
Amber Glasses and Fixed Wake	Amber Glasses	Participants will wear glasses with amber lenses beginning 7 hours before average baseline mid-sleep time until the time of intended sleep onset or until a duration of 7 hours of use is reached. Participants will also be required to wake up at the same time (±30 mins).

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Change in Dim Light Melatonin Onset (DLMO) Phase Shift	baseline, week 2	The time in hours the circadian clock shifted the sleep onset time. Using a light lux meter, the lighting in the room will be limited to no more than 5 lux of light. Measured by self-reported logs and a wrist actigraphy that detects when subjects are active or sleeping.
Change in Dim Light Melatonin Onset (DLMO)	baseline, week 3	The time of day the subject feels sleepy during the overnight lab stays. It is a marker of biological time. Data are provided in decimal and military time (e.g., 10:00 pm equals 22.00). Using a light lux meter, the lighting in the room was limited to no more than 5 lux of light. Measured by self-reported logs and a wrist actigraphy that detects when subjects are active or sleeping.
Change in School Night Sleep Onset Time	baseline, week 3	The time in hours that sleep onset time shifted earlier during school nights. Measured by self-reporting logs and a wrist actigraphy that detects when subjects are active or sleeping.
Change in Non-school Night Sleep Onset Time	baseline, week 3	The time in hours that sleep onset time shifted earlier during non-school nights. Measured by self-reporting logs and a wrist actigraphy that detects when subjects are active or sleeping.