Nicotine and Tobacco Message Framing Among LGBT Young Adults

Not Applicable

Completed

Conditions: Tobacco-Related Carcinoma

Registration Number: NCT05972941

Lead Sponsor: Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center

Brief Summary: This trial refines and evaluates how cultural targeting influences the effectiveness of anti-tobacco messages among lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) young adults at risk for the use of more than one tobacco product (polytobacco use). Polytobacco use is associated with nicotine dependence and tobacco use into adulthood, and is disproportionately high among LGBT young adults. This trial seeks to determine how cultural targeting can be applied to communicate polytobacco use risk to at-risk LGBT young adults.

Detailed Description: The goal of this study is to identify if culturally targeted (CT) or non-targeted (NT) anti-polytobacco messages are most effective for engaging LGBT consumers. Using the most effective NT messages from Aim 1, investigators will create a set of CT messages. Message framing will remain consistent between CT and NT messages; however, CT messages will include language and graphics representing LGBT values formative research and the existing peer-reviewed literature. Participants will be randomized to view CT or NT messages in a virtual lab where investigators will assess eye-tracking, self-reported perceived effectiveness, risk perceptions, and behavioral intentions. Participants will also complete a 1-week follow-up. The study aims to determine the effects of cultural targeting on attention to anti-polytobacco messages and perceived effectiveness among LGBT young adults susceptible to polytobacco use.

Recruitment & Eligibility

Status: COMPLETED

Sex: All

Target Recruitment: 252

Inclusion Criteria

Speaks English fluently
Self-identifies as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, or another non- heterosexual orientation or non-binary gender identity
Ever used e-cigarettes AND combustible cigarettes
Currently uses e-cigarettes, combustible cigarettes, or both e-cigarettes and combustible cigarettes
Resides in the United States
Access to a laptop or desktop computer with a camera for virtual eye-tracking

Exclusion Criteria

Glaucoma
Cataracts

Study & Design

Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL

Study Design: PARALLEL

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Perceived Message Effectiveness - Effects Perceptions	Immediately post-exposure to intervention	6-items. 5-point scale where 1 = Strongly disagree to 5 = Strongly agree These messages discourage me from smoking cigarettes. These messages make me concerned about the negative effects of smoking cigarettes These messages make smoking cigarettes seem unpleasant to me. 3-items above are summed and averaged. Higher scores indicate better outcome. These messages discourage me from vaping nicotine. These messages make me concerned about the negative effects of vaping nicotine. These messages make vaping nicotine seem unpleasant to me. 3-items above are summed and averaged for a total score ranging from 1 to 5. Higher scores indicate a better outcome.
Change in Behavioral Intentions	Change from Baseline in behavioral intentions immediately post-exposure to intervention	8 items total. 4-point scale 1 = Definitely not to 4 = Definitely will. The following items were asked at baseline and post-exposure. How likely is it that in the next 3 months, you will refrain from vaping nicotine.... * completely and permanently? * when you get lonely? * when you are with your friends who use them? * when someone hands you a vape? How likely is it that in the next 3 months, you will refrain from smoking cigarettes... * completely and permanently? * when you get lonely? * when you are with your friends who use them? * when someone hands you a cigarette? For each subscale, pre-test and post-test items were summed and averaged. Change scores were calculated for each subscale by subtracting pre-test scores from post-test scores. Change scores could range from 0 to 3. Higher change scores indicate a better outcome (i.e. greater change in intentions to refrain from smoking or vaping)
Behavioral Intentions: Quitting Smoking	Difference between conditions in behavioral intentions to quit smoking at 1-week follow-up after intervention exposure	Number of participants who answer "Yes" to the following: Do you plan to quit smoking cigarettes in the next 30 days? (Yes/No)
Behavioral Intentions to Quit Vaping	Difference between conditions in behavioral intentions to quit vaping at 1-week follow-up after intervention exposure	Number of participants who answer "Yes" to the following: "Do you plan to quit vaping nicotine in the next 30 days?" (Yes/No)
Visual Attention - Dwell Time	During intervention on Day 1, on average 3 minutes	Visual attention measured by dwell time (milliseconds) on areas of interest (AOI; e.g., text, graphic) within a stimuli was assessed via eye-tracking for each message (n=8). Dwell times on AOIs were summed for all stimuli viewed by each participant and averaged. Scores represent total average dwell time on AOIs across stimuli.
Visual Attention - Time to First Fixation	During intervention on Day 1, on average 3 minutes.	Time (milliseconds) to first fixation on areas of interest (text, graphic) within a stimuli was assessed via eye-tracking for each message (n=8). Time to first fixation on a specific AOI was summed for all stimuli viewed by each participant and averaged. Scores represent total average time to first fixation on AOIs across stimuli.
Perceived Message Effectiveness - Message Perceptions	Immediately post-exposure to intervention	6-items on a 5-point scale where 1 = Not at all and 5 = Very much. Please rate each statement from 1 (not at all) to 5 (very much). These message are worth remembering. These messages grabbed my attention. These messages are powerful. These messages are convincing. These messages are meaningful. These messages are informative. Individual items are summed and averaged for a total score ranging from 1 to 5. Higher scores indicate a better outcome.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Reactance	Immediately post-exposure to intervention	3-items; 5-point Likert scale where 1 = Strongly disagree and 5 = Strongly agree These messages are trying to manipulate me. These messages annoy me. The health effects of these messages are overblown. Items are summed and averaged for a total score ranging from 1 to 5. Higher scores indicate a worse outcome.
Ad Relevance	Immediately post-exposure to intervention	5 items; 7-point Likert scale where 1 = Strongly Disagree and 7 = Strongly agree These ads were created just for me. These ads were created for people like me. These ads were relevant to me. These ads were of value to me. These ads were important to me. Items were summed and averaged for a total score ranging from 1 to 7. Higher scores indicate a better outcome.
Liking	Immediately post-exposure to intervention	Single item; 5-point Likert scale where 1 = Strongly disagree and 5 = Strongly agree I like these messages.
Attitudes	Immediately post-exposure to intervention	Two items; 7-point Likert scale where 1 = These message made me feel much worse and 7 = These message made me feel much better. Did these messages change how you feel about smoking combustible cigarettes? Did these messages change how you feel about vaping nicotine? Higher scores mean a worse outcome.
Response Efficacy	Immediately post-exposure to intervention	6-items; 5 point Likert scale where 1 = Strongly disagree and 5 = Strongly agree These messages will motivate CIGARETTE SMOKERS to switch to vaping. These messages will motivate people to quit ALL smoking and vaping. These messages will motivate NON-USERS to start vaping. These messages will motivate NON-USERS to start smoking cigarettes. These messages will motivate CIGARETTE SMOKERS to quit. These messages will motivate VAPERS to quit. Higher scores mean a better outcome.
Qualitative Recall of Health Messages	1-week follow-up after intervention exposure	Participants will be asked the following question: "The images that you viewed included health messages. What do you remember about the health messages?" Outcome indicates then number of participants who qualitatively reported recalling something about the health message.