Locomotor Recovery Following Traumatic Brain Injury

Not Applicable

Completed

• Conditions: Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)

• Registration Number: NCT04503473
• Lead Sponsor: Indiana University

Brief Summary

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of two different walking training interventions on the recovery of strength, mobility, walking and other measures of health in individuals following traumatic brain injury. During this study, participants will aim to complete up to 15 training sessions over 4-5 weeks of each intervention with at least a 4 week break between interventions. Each training session will last approximately 1 hour, while testing sessions performed at the beginning and end of each intervention will last approximately 3-4 hours. Participation in this research study may last up to 6 months including screening and baseline testing. The possible benefits to participant from participation in this study include increased strength of the participants leg muscles and improved walking ability

Detailed Description

The primary goal of the proposed study is to identify the contributions of the amount of task-specific practice on locomotor (i.e., walking) recovery in patients with (\> 6 Months) traumatic brain injury (TBI). The investigator will do this by building on our previous work directed towards identifying the essential exercise training parameters that maximize locomotor recovery. Consistent with principles of motor learning and exercise physiology, the investigator contend that certain training (i.e., dosage) parameters of physical rehabilitation, including the type (specificity) and amount of task practice, are critical to mobility outcomes following neurological injury. Previous work suggests these training parameters may influence locomotor recovery in patients with other neurological disorders (i.e., stroke), although few studies have attempted to delineate similar contributions of amount of task-specific practice in neurologic injury. Indeed, no studies have carefully controlled these training parameters during physical rehabilitation of patients with neurologic injury, and such interventions are rarely utilized in the clinical setting. Reasons for these knowledge gaps from other rehabilitation studies to patients with neurologic injury or lack of clinical implementation are unclear, but may be due to adherence to traditional rehabilitation theories. One concern is that practicing only stepping tasks reduces attention towards hallmark physical impairments following neurologic injury, such as loss of strength or postural stability, which are considered primary determinants of decreased mobility. Only a few studies have addressed whether providing only structured stepping training can mitigate these impairments without their explicit practice, but not in the neurologic injury population. A related concern is that focused stepping training without significant attention towards impairments or gait quality may exaggerate altered movement strategies, which could be reinforced with repeated practice. However, there is little data to suggest "worsening" of abnormal gait patterns following high intensity training. Rather, recent findings suggest patients demonstrate more normal kinematics. If focused task specific (i.e., stepping) training is to be applied clinically, participant must delineate its contributions towards improving locomotor function, and their effects on underlying impairments and gait kinematics.

Central hypotheses are that stepping training in TBI results in:1) greater locomotor gains as compared to non-specific interventions; 2) gains in selected impairments underlying gait dysfunction (i.e., strength and metabolic capacity and efficiency); and, 3) improvements in gait quality. To test these hypotheses, the proposed crossover, assessor-blinded, randomized clinical trial (RCT) is designed to test the effects of specificity of rehabilitation training applied early-post-stroke. In this RCT, patients \> 6 post-TBI will be allocated ≤ 15 sessions over approximately 4-5 weeks of high-intensity stepping training or conventional therapy. Importantly, training intensity will be held constant to account for this potential confounding factor. Blinded assessments will be performed prior to and following each training paradigm.

Study Timeline

• Study First Submitted: 2019-12-16
• Study Start: 2020-08-01
• Study First Submitted QC: 2020-08-04
• Study First Posted: 2020-08-07
• Primary Completion: 2022-12-31
• Study Completion: 2022-12-31
• Status Verified: 2024-04
• Last Update Submitted: 2024-04-30
• Last Update Posted: 2024-05-02

Recruitment & Eligibility

• Status: COMPLETED
• Sex: All
• Target Recruitment: 17

Inclusion Criteria

• > 6 months post traumatic brain injury
• 18-75 years old
• ability to walk without physical assistance
• Self selected walking speed of 0.01-1.0 m/s

Exclusion Criteria

• <18 years old
• >75 years old
• self selected walking speed of > 1.0 m/s
• < 3 months from botulinum toxin injection
• Above the knee brace
• Currently receiving physical therapy

Study & Design

• Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Design: CROSSOVER

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Change in Gait speed	Baseline 1, Post 6 weeks, Baseline 2, Post 6 weeks	Gait speed is valid, reliable, and sensitive measures related to overall functional ability, and will be assessed by blinded rates. This measure will be performed by blinded assessors who do not participate in the training. Gait speed will be measured at self-selected speeds (SSS; instructions to "walk at normal comfortable pace") and fastest-possible speed (FS: "as fast as you safely can") using the Zeno Walkway (Protokinetics, Haverton, PA).
Change in Endurance	Baseline 1, Post 6 weeks, Baseline 2, Post 6 weeks	Endurance is valid, reliable, and sensitive measures related to overall functional ability, and will be assessed by blinded rates. This measure will be performed by blinded assessors who do not participate in the training. Gait endurance will be tested using the 6MWT (m) with instructions similar to SSS to minimize fall risk.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Change in metabolic capacity	Baseline 1, Post 6 weeks, Baseline 2, Post 6 weeks	peak metabolic capacity will be observed during graded exercise testing on a treadmill wtih peak oxygen consumption
Change in gait quality	Baseline 1, Post 6 weeks, Baseline 2, Post 6 weeks	Gait kinematics: Lower limb kinematics will be collected using an 8-camera motion capture system and 3-dimensional movement of 1" reflective markers affixed to the pelvis/legs. Spatiotemporal metrics will be extracted from the data, with primary measures of peak speed, stride length, cadence. All measures will be compared between fastest speeds achieved at BSL and POST, and at POST speeds matched to BSL peak speed to allow kinematic comparisons while controlling for speeds.
Change in Strength	Baseline 1, Post 1 after 6 weeks, Baseline 2, Post 6 weeks	• Peak volitional strength - We will assess strength while subjects are seated in an adjustable height chair of a testing apparatus. Three trials of peak isometric volitional hip, knee and ankle torques will be determined bilaterally with significant verbal encouragement for 3-5 sec, and \> 1 min duration between trials.

Trial Locations

Locations (1)

Rehabilitation Hospital of Indiana; 🇺🇸 Indianapolis, Indiana, United States