Healthfulness of Food From Grocery Stores Versus Eating Out Among People Receiving Food Benefits (SNAP)

Completed

• Conditions: Diet Habit

• Registration Number: NCT03372213
• Lead Sponsor: University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill

Brief Summary

The objective of this cross-sectional study was to characterize the dietary intake of SNAP participants and nonparticipants by food source, including grocery stores, sit-down restaurants, and fast food.

Detailed Description

The study used 4,237 low-income adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (2003-2006 and 2011-2014). De-identified data was collected from demographic questionnaires and 24 hour dietary recalls. We assessed intake of calories, solid fats, added sugars, and servings of non-starchy vegetables, whole fruits, and whole grains, by food source in SNAP participants and income-eligible nonparticipants. Associations between SNAP participation and dietary intake were analyzed using multivariate linear regression controlling for relevant sociodemographic characteristics.

Study Timeline

• Study Start: 2003-01-01
• Primary Completion: 2014-12-31
• Study Completion: 2014-12-31
• Status Verified: 2017-12
• Study First Submitted: 2017-12-01
• Study First Submitted QC: 2017-12-07
• Last Update Submitted: 2017-12-07
• Study First Posted: 2017-12-13
• Last Update Posted: 2017-12-13

Recruitment & Eligibility

• Status: COMPLETED
• Sex: All
• Target Recruitment: 4237

Inclusion Criteria

• Adults ages 20 - 64
• At or below 200% of the federal poverty level
• Completed at least one 24-hour dietary recall

Exclusion Criteria

• Younger than 20 years old or 65 years and older
• Income above 200% the federal poverty level
• No participation in dietary recall

Study & Design

• Study Type: OBSERVATIONAL
• Study Design: Not specified

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Caloric intake	2003-2014	Number of calories consumed by SNAP participants compared to nonparticipants in 2003-2006 and 2011-2014 by source of food (including grocery stores, fast food restaurants, sit-down restaurants and other sources). SNAP participants will be compared to income-eligible nonparticipants at income levels up to 200% of the federal poverty level.
Solid fat	2003-2014	Number of grams of solid fat and percent of intake from solid fat consumed by SNAP participants compared to nonparticipants in 2003-2006 and 2011-2014 by source of food (including grocery stores, fast food restaurants, sit-down restaurants and other sources). SNAP participants will be compared to income-eligible nonparticipants at income levels up to 200% of the federal poverty level.
Whole fruit	2003-2014	Cup-equivalent servings of whole fruits consumed by SNAP participants compared to nonparticipants in 2003-2006 and 2011-2014 by source of food (including grocery stores, fast food restaurants, sit-down restaurants and other sources). SNAP participants will be compared to income-eligible nonparticipants at income levels up to 200% of the federal poverty level.
Added sugar	2003-2014	Number of grams of added sugar and percent of intake from added sugar consumed by SNAP participants compared to nonparticipants in 2003-2006 and 2011-2014 by source of food (including grocery stores, fast food restaurants, sit-down restaurants and other sources). SNAP participants will be compared to income-eligible nonparticipants at income levels up to 200% of the federal poverty level.
Non-starchy vegetables	2003-2014	Cup-equivalent servings of non-starchy vegetables consumed by SNAP participants compared to nonparticipants in 2003-2006 and 2011-2014 by source of food (including grocery stores, fast food restaurants, sit-down restaurants and other sources). SNAP participants will be compared to income-eligible nonparticipants at income levels up to 200% of the federal poverty level.
Whole grains	2003-2014	Ounce-equivalents of whole grains consumed by SNAP participants compared to nonparticipants in 2003-2006 and 2011-2014 by source of food (including grocery stores, fast food restaurants, sit-down restaurants and other sources). SNAP participants will be compared to income-eligible nonparticipants at income levels up to 200% of the federal poverty level.