Effects of Insertion of Diaphragmatic Breathing Exercises, Cardiorespiratory and Strength Exercises, and Cooperative Sports Activities During Physical Education Classes on Anxiety and Depression Symptoms in Adolescents

The main objective of this project will be to verify if the insertion of diaphragmatic, cardiorespiratory and strength breathing exercises and cooperative sports activities in Physical Education classes, during a period of 12 weeks, may be able to modify the scores of symptoms of anxiety and depression in adolescent students. As secondary objectives, this project will seek to verify which of the interventions will provide the greatest reductions in students' anxiety and depression symptoms, as well as analyze their effects on other health indicators, also verifying if a greater volume of sessions can provide additional benefits to mental health. when compared to a smaller volume. This is an experimental study, of the randomized clinical trial (RCT) type. The target population will be adolescent students (14 to 19 years old) from the Federal Institute Sul-rio-grandense (IFSul) on the Bagé and Pelotas campuses. A total of 16 classes will compose the sample. The classes that have the Physical Education (PE) curriculum component in their schedule will be listed and randomized in relation to the comparator group (CG) and to the three different intervention protocols: diaphragmatic breathing exercises (intervention group 1 or GI-1), physical exercises cardiorespiratory and strength activities (intervention group 2 or GI-2) and cooperative sports activities (intervention group 3 or GI-3). The application of these interventions will occur during PE classes, twice a week at Campus Bagé and three times a week at Campus Pelotas. Interventions will last 15 minutes in groups GI-1 and GI-2, and 20 minutes in GI-3. Before the start of the intervention, baseline assessments will be carried out, consisting of primary outcomes (symptoms of anxiety and depression) and secondary outcomes (self-concept, quality of life, sleep indicators, self-perception of physical fitness, cognitive failures, strength and cardiorespiratory fitness). The groups will be compared regarding the characteristics collected at baseline and after the 12th week of intervention. The Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) and the post-hoc Bonferroni test will be used to compare the moments (pre and post-intervention) between the groups and to identify the group*moment interaction. Analyzes will be performed by protocol and by intention to treat. The significance coefficient adopted will be p<0.05.