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Dental Biofilm Control During Orthodontic Treatment

Phase 3
Recruiting
Conditions
Gingivitis
Malocclusion
Interventions
Device: fixed metal orthodontic appliance
Device: fixed non-metal orthodontic appliance
Procedure: oral hygiene
Registration Number
NCT05532241
Lead Sponsor
University of Rijeka
Brief Summary

Orthodontic appliances can affect changes in the relationships of members of the oral microbiome. Microbiome imbalance can result in oral infections and complicate treatment. The focus is on the microbiological profile of dental biofilm and its control. The effects of metals released by corrosion of alloys for oral use on the microbiome and the extent to which they modify the effectiveness of gingivitis therapy by mechanical and chemical control of biofilm will be investigated. Early and late colonizers of the tooth surface will be analyzed. The condition of gingiva will be assessed, and the results will show the specifics of biofilm and gingiva exposed and unexposed, and differences in the response of individual bacteria to therapy. Molecular biology techniques will be used to quantify the total bacterial biomass (16s rRNA) and the proportion of specific bacterial species within the dental biofilm.

Detailed Description

The aim is:

* to determine the clinical characteristics of gingiva of subjects not exposed to metals of dental alloys and exposed to metals

* characterization of microbiome of dental biofilm in subjects not exposed to metals of dental alloys and exposed to metals and to determine changes in the structure of dental biofilm due to exposure to metals

* examine the extent to which environmental influences modify the effectiveness of treatment of gingivitis by mechanical removal of biofilm and chemical control (chlorhexidine digluconate mouthwash (CHX))

* to examine the behavior of bacteria of early and late colonizers of dental biofilm after chemical control

* to analyze biofilm on metal and non-metal appliance

* to explore patient reported outcome measures Study design is a randomized controlled trial with 4 parallel groups: (I) fixed metal orthodontic appliance with regular oral hygiene, (II) fixed metal orthodontic appliance with CHX, (III) non-metal fixed orthodontic appliance with regular oral hygiene, and (IV) non-metal orthodontic appliance with CHX.

Recruitment & Eligibility

Status
RECRUITING
Sex
All
Target Recruitment
80
Inclusion Criteria
  • malocclusion with moderate or great need for orthodontic treatment (Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need grades >=3)
Exclusion Criteria
  • neurodevelopmental disorders
  • intellectual disability
  • oligodontia
  • congenital craniofacial anomalies
  • orofacial clefts

Study & Design

Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Study Design
PARALLEL
Arm && Interventions
GroupInterventionDescription
metal + OHfixed metal orthodontic appliancefixed metal orthodontic appliance with regular oral hygiene (toothbrush + toothpaste with low concentration of fluorides 1450 ppm)
metal + OHoral hygienefixed metal orthodontic appliance with regular oral hygiene (toothbrush + toothpaste with low concentration of fluorides 1450 ppm)
metal + CHXfixed metal orthodontic appliancefixed metal orthodontic appliance with antiseptic mouthwash one-month use (0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate)
metal + CHXChlorhexidine mouthwashfixed metal orthodontic appliance with antiseptic mouthwash one-month use (0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate)
non-metal + OHfixed non-metal orthodontic appliancefixed non-metal orthodontic appliance (ceramic brackets + nylon thread) with regular oral hygiene (toothbrush + toothpaste with low concentration of fluorides 1450 ppm)
non-metal + OHoral hygienefixed non-metal orthodontic appliance (ceramic brackets + nylon thread) with regular oral hygiene (toothbrush + toothpaste with low concentration of fluorides 1450 ppm)
non-metal + CHXfixed non-metal orthodontic appliancefixed non-metal orthodontic appliance (ceramic brackets + nylon thread) with antiseptic mouthwash one-month use (0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate)
non-metal + CHXChlorhexidine mouthwashfixed non-metal orthodontic appliance (ceramic brackets + nylon thread) with antiseptic mouthwash one-month use (0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate)
Primary Outcome Measures
NameTimeMethod
gingival enlargement90 days (change from start to 2 months and 3 months after start)

Seymour index (thickness (scale 0=normal-2=thickening \>=3mm) + proportion of tooth crown coverage (scale 0=normal-3=papilla involving .2/3 of adjacent tooth crown half) on frontal teeth vestibular and oral in both jaws; scale 0-100), higher score means worse outcome

bacterial composition of dental biofilm90 days (change from start to 2 months and 3 months after start)

bacterial ratio in dental biofilm (molecular biology analysis)

Secondary Outcome Measures
NameTimeMethod
pH of biofilm90 days (change from start to 2 months and 3 months after start)

colorimetric test with pH scale in range 4-7, lower score means worse outcome (higher acidity)

dental biofilm accumulation90 days (change from start to 2 months and 3 months after start)

Silness-Loe index and Williams modification for subjects in orthodontic treatment on a scale from 0=no biofilm to 3=a continuous line greater than 1mm, mean value of referent teeth, range 0-3, higher score indicates worse outcome

extent of gingivitis90 days (change from start to 2 months and 3 months after start)

Full mouth bleeding score on a scale 0-100%, higher score means worse outcome

oral health-related quality of life90 days (change from start to 2 months and 3 months after start)

Oral Health Impact Profile (modification for gingivitis), 8 items, each on a scale 0=never-4=very often, range 0-32, higher score means worse outcome

Trial Locations

Locations (3)

University of Rijeka Faculty of Dental Medicine

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Rijeka, Croatia

University of Rijeka, Faculty od Dental Medicine, Dental Clinic

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Rijeka, Croatia

University of Rijeka, Faculty of Dental Medicine

🇭🇷

Rijeka, Croatia

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