Resistance Training and Cardiometabolic Risk in Women With Metabolically Healthy and Unhealthy Obesity

Several studies have examined MHO individuals' responses to weight loss interventions. Caloric restriction decreases body weight and body fat, notably visceral fat accumulation, of both MHO and MUHO pre- and postmenopausal women, although changes in MUHO women are usually more important. In addition, while insulin sensitivity of MUHO women increases after a 12-week diet, it is significantly worsened in postmenopausal MHO women. In this regard, previous works have shown discordant data of interventions including physical activity on the cardiometabolic risk and more particularly, insulin sensitivity. Indeed, diet or aerobic training alone or combined aerobic and resistance training (RT), in men and postmenopausal women yielded promising results as insulin sensitivity increased in both MUHO and MHO participants, with greater changes in the MUHO groups. However, the heterogeneity of the population (analysis without considering sex differences) as well as the type and duration (3 to 6 months) of different interventions make it difficult to generalize these results. As an example, insulin sensitivity was improved in MUHO men and women, while it remained unchanged in MHO participants after a 9-month intervention combining diet and exercise. Moreover, a 14-week community-based aerobic exercise program increased participants' cardiorespiratory fitness and reduced the number of metabolic syndrome components of MHO men and women. However, to the best of our knowledge, no study has compared yet the impact of a RT program on MUHO and MHO individuals.