Using Ultrasound-guide Corrected Glenohumeral Internal Rotation Deficit as a Risk Factor to Predict Shoulder Injuries in Baseball Players
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 已完成
- 入组人数
- 106
- 试验地点
- 1
- 主要终点
- alteration of ultrasound-guide corrected GIRD
研究概览
简要总结
Background:
Glenohumeral internal rotation deficit (GIRD) is believed to be one of the risk factors contributing to shoulder injuries. In addition, athletes with GIRD of greater than 20° appear to be at a greater risk for the shoulder injuries and surgery. Recently, GIRD can be divided in anatomical GIRD and pathological GIRD (pGIRD). The dominant arm of the athletes with pGIRD have not only humeral retrotorsion (HR) but also stiffer posterior capsule. The soft-tissue effect is believed to be the key point in pathological cascade of throwers. Therefore, the previous studies use gross GIRD as a risk factor may be modified by ultrasound-guide corrected GIRD.
Objective:
There are 4 objectives for the present study: (1) to investigate the Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of the gross GIRD; (2) to investigate the ROC curves of the ultrasound-guide corrected GIRD; (3) to compare the area under curve (AUC) of the two methods; (4) to compare the gross GIRD and the ultrasound-guide corrected GIRD in baseball players.
Design:
Baseball players who have played baseball for at least 1 year and still active in training or competition will be recruited in this study. Participant characteristics will be collected by the main assessor, including age, gender, height, weight, dominant arm, practice time, years of playing baseball. Performance/function will be assessed via a Kerlan-Jobe Orthopaedic Clinic shoulder and elbow (KJOC) self-report questionnaire. The shoulder rotation ROM, ultrasound examination including ultrasound-corrected GIRD and posterior capsular thickness and posterior shoulder tightness will also be measured. we will follow subjects for a season. Once the injury occurs, deterioration or at the end of the season, we will collect the data again.
Main outcome measures:
The shoulder rotation ROM, ultrasound examination and posterior shoulder tightness are main outcomes of the study.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Observational
- 观察模型
- Other
- 时间视角
- Prospective
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 12 Years 至 40 Years（Child, Adult）
- 性别
- All
- 接受健康志愿者
- 是
入选标准
- 未提供
排除标准
- 未提供
结局指标
主要结局
alteration of ultrasound-guide corrected GIRD
时间窗: through study completion, an average of 1 year
The participants will be told to supine with 90° of shoulder abduction and elbow flexion. The main assessor places the transducer on the subject's anterior shoulder, perpendicular to the long axis of the humerus in the frontal plane. Then, the humerus will be manually rotated by the assessor for the bicipital groove being centered on the ultrasound image. The ultrasound is then positioned, aided by use of a grid on the ultrasound display. Thus, a line connecting the greater and lesser tubercles can be parallel to the horizontal plane. Last, the second assessor places a digital inclinometer on the ulnar side of the forearm to record the forearm inclination angle, defining the amount of humeral retroversion. This measurement will be repeated 3 times bilaterally and the average will be used for data analysis. The equation of ultrasound-guide corrected GIRD will be gross GIRD minus difference of humeral retroversion between dominant and non-dominant arm.
alteration of posterior capsular thickness
时间窗: through study completion, an average of 1 year
The subject will be positioned upright in a chair with the arm at the side and forearm resting on the thigh. The examiner positions a transducer on the posterior shoulder, visualizing the glenoid labrum, humeral head, rotator cuff, and posterior capsule, defined as the tissue immediately lateral to the tip of the labrum between the humeral head and rotator cuff. When the capsule is identified, the image is paused, and the capsule thickness will be measured by built-in caliper. The imaging procedure will be repeated 3 times, and an average thickness will be determined. This measurement will be taken bilaterally for all subjects.
次要结局
- days in the disable list(through study completion, an average of 1 year)
- change of shoulder rotation ROM(through study completion, an average of 1 year)
- Injury assessment and classification(up to 24 weeks)
- change of posterior shoulder tightness(through study completion, an average of 1 year)
- change of Kerlan-Jobe Orthopaedic Clinic Shoulder and Elbow score (KJOC)(through study completion, an average of 1 year)