Impact of Pneumoperitoneum pressure and patient positioning on the dimensions of the internal jugular vein during laparoscopic surgery-a prospective observational study

This prospective observational study evaluates the effect of pneumoperitoneum pressure and patient positioning on the cross sectional area of the internal jugular vein during laparoscopic surgery. A total of 52 adult patients aged 18 to 50 years with ASA class I and II undergoing elective laparoscopic surgery will be studied. Ultrasound measurements of the right internal jugular vein will be taken at five stages of surgery including before induction after intubation after pneumoperitoneum after positional change and after desuflation. Hemodynamic parameters such as heart rate blood pressure oxygen saturation and end tidal carbon dioxide will also be recorded. The study aims to determine how intra abdominal pressure and patient positioning influence venous return and cardiovascular function. Findings are expected to show significant alterations in vein dimensions and hemodynamic status which may help improve intraoperative monitoring and safer anesthetic management during laparoscopic procedures.