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Azacitidine and Combination Chemotherapy in Treating Infants With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia and KMT2A Gene Rearrangement

Phase 2
Completed
Conditions
B Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Mixed Phenotype Acute Leukemia
Acute Leukemia of Ambiguous Lineage
Interventions
Registration Number
NCT02828358
Lead Sponsor
National Cancer Institute (NCI)
Brief Summary

This pilot phase II trial studies the side effects of azacitidine and combination chemotherapy in infants with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and KMT2A gene rearrangement. Drugs used in chemotherapy, such as methotrexate, prednisolone, daunorubicin hydrochloride, cytarabine, dexamethasone, vincristine sulfate, pegaspargase, hydrocortisone sodium succinate, azacitidine, cyclophosphamide, mercaptopurine, leucovorin calcium, and thioguanine work in different ways to stop the growth of cancer cells, either by killing the cells, by stopping them from dividing, or by stopping them from spreading. Giving more than one drug may kill more cancer cells.

Detailed Description

PRIMARY OBJECTIVE:

I. To evaluate the tolerability of azacitidine in addition to Interfant-06 standard chemotherapy in infants with newly diagnosed acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) with KMT2A gene rearrangement (KMT2A-R).

SECONDARY OBJECTIVE:

I. To evaluate the biologic activity of azacitidine by pharmacodynamic assessment of global deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) methylation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of infants treated with azacitidine.

EXPLORATORY OBJECTIVES:

I. To determine the 5 year event-free survival (EFS) of infants with KMT2A-R treated with azacitidine in addition to Interfant-06 standard chemotherapy.

II. To correlate minimal residual disease (MRD) with outcome in the context of the protocol therapy.

III. To perform pharmacokinetic (PK) testing of azacitidine in infants. IV. To test the expansion of infant T lymphocytes by stimulation with artificial antigen presenting cells identical to those used in chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CART)-19 production.

V. To collect pharmacodynamic (PD) data for asparaginase activity following pegaspargase administration in infants.

OUTLINE:

INDUCTION CHEMOTHERAPY: Patients receive methotrexate intrathecally (IT) on days 1 and 29, prednisolone orally (PO) or nasogastrically (NG) three times daily (TID) on days 1-7, daunorubicin hydrochloride intravenously (IV) over 1-15 minutes on days 8-9, cytarabine IV over 30 minutes on days 8-21 and IT on day 15, dexamethasone PO, NG, or IV TID on days 8-28, vincristine sulfate IV over 1 minute on days 8, 15, 22, and 29, pegaspargase IV over 1-2 hours or intramuscularly (IM) on day 12, and hydrocortisone sodium succinate IT on days 15 and 29 in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Only patients with KMT2A-R continue to post-induction chemotherapy.

POST-INDUCTION CHEMOTHERAPY:

AZACITIDINE BLOCK I: Prior to CONSOLIDATION, patients receive azacitidine IV over 10-40 minutes daily for 5 days in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.

CONSOLIDATION: Following completion of AZACITIDINE BLOCK I, patients receive cyclophosphamide IV over 30-60 minutes on days 1 and 29, mercaptopurine PO or NG daily on days 1-28, cytarabine IV or subcutaneously (SC) daily on days 3-6, 10-13, 17-20, and 24-27 and IT on day 10, methotrexate IT on day 24, and hydrocortisone sodium succinate IT on days 10 and 24 in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.

AZACITIDINE BLOCK II: Prior to INTERIM MAINTENANCE, patients receive azacitidine as in AZACITIDINE BLOCK I

INTERIM MAINTENANCE: Following completion of AZACITIDINE BLOCK II, patients receive mercaptopurine PO or NG daily on days 1-14, methotrexate IV over 24 hours on days 1 and 8 and IT on days 2 and 9, leucovorin calcium PO or IV on days 3-4 and 10-11, hydrocortisone sodium succinate IT on days 2 and 9, cytarabine IV over 3 hours every 12 hours on days 15-16 and 22-23 for a total of 8 doses, and pegaspargase IV over 1-2 hours or IM on day 23 in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.

AZACITIDINE BLOCK III: Prior to DELAYED INTENSIFICATION PART I, patients receive azacitidine as in AZACITIDINE BLOCK I.

DELAYED INTENSIFICATION PART I: Following completion of AZACITIDINE BLOCK III, patients receive pegaspargase IV over 1-2 hours or IM on day 1, dexamethasone PO, NG, or IV TID on days 1-14 and 15-21 with a taper on days 15-21, thioguanine PO or NG daily on days 1-28, vincristine sulfate IV over 1 minute on days 1, 8, 15, and 22, daunorubicin hydrochloride IV over 1-15 minutes on days 1, 8, 15, and 22, cytarabine IV or SC on days 2-5, 9-12, 16-19, and 23-26 and IT on days 1 and 15, and hydrocortisone sodium succinate IT on days 1 and 15 in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.

AZACITIDINE BLOCK IV: Prior to DELAYED INTENSIFICATION PART II, patients receive azacitidine as in AZACITIDINE BLOCK I.

DELAYED INTENSIFICATION PART II: Following completion of AZACITIDINE BLOCK IV, patients receive thioguanine PO or NG daily on days 1-14, cyclophosphamide IV over 15-30 minutes on days 1 and 15, cytarabine IV or SC on days 2-5 and 9-12 in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.

MAINTENANCE: Following DELAYED INTENSIFICATION PART II, patients receive mercaptopurine PO or NG on days 1-168, methotrexate IT on day 1 and 92 and PO once weekly on days 8-91 and 98-168, hydrocortisone sodium succinate IT on day 1, 57, and 99, and cytarabine IT on day 57. Starting on day 169, patients receive mercaptopurine PO or NG on days 1-84 and methotrexate PO once weekly. Cycles repeat every 84 days for 2 years from the start of INDUCTION CHEMOTHERAPY in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.

Additionally, patients undergo collection of blood sample and an echocardiogram (ECHO) or multigated acquisition (MUGA) scan on study. Patients may also undergo computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) throughout the study.

After completion of study treatment, patients are followed up periodically.

Recruitment & Eligibility

Status
COMPLETED
Sex
All
Target Recruitment
78
Inclusion Criteria
  • Infants must be > 36 weeks gestational age at the time of enrollment
  • Patients must have newly diagnosed B lymphoblastic leukemia (2008 World Health Organization [WHO] classification) (also termed B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia) or acute leukemia of ambiguous lineage (ALUL), which includes mixed phenotype acute leukemia (MPAL); for patients with ALUL, the morphology and immunophenotype must be at least 50% B lymphoblastic
  • Central nervous system (CNS) status must be determined based on a sample obtained prior to the administration of any systemic or intrathecal chemotherapy, with the exception of steroid pretreatment
Exclusion Criteria
  • Patients with known absence of KMT2A-rearrangement leukemia prior to enrollment
  • Patients with Down syndrome
  • Patients with secondary B acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) that developed after treatment of a prior malignancy with cytotoxic chemotherapy
  • With the exception of steroid pretreatment or the administration of intrathecal methotrexate or intrathecal cytarabine, receipt of any other prior cytotoxic chemotherapy for either the current diagnosis of B-ALL or any cancer diagnosed prior to the initiation of protocol therapy on AALL15P1

Study & Design

Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Study Design
SINGLE_GROUP
Arm && Interventions
GroupInterventionDescription
Treatment (azacitidine, combination chemotherapy)PegaspargaseSee Detailed Description
Treatment (azacitidine, combination chemotherapy)AzacitidineSee Detailed Description
Treatment (azacitidine, combination chemotherapy)Biospecimen CollectionSee Detailed Description
Treatment (azacitidine, combination chemotherapy)Computed TomographySee Detailed Description
Treatment (azacitidine, combination chemotherapy)CyclophosphamideSee Detailed Description
Treatment (azacitidine, combination chemotherapy)CytarabineSee Detailed Description
Treatment (azacitidine, combination chemotherapy)DaunorubicinSee Detailed Description
Treatment (azacitidine, combination chemotherapy)Daunorubicin HydrochlorideSee Detailed Description
Treatment (azacitidine, combination chemotherapy)DexamethasoneSee Detailed Description
Treatment (azacitidine, combination chemotherapy)EchocardiographySee Detailed Description
Treatment (azacitidine, combination chemotherapy)LeucovorinSee Detailed Description
Treatment (azacitidine, combination chemotherapy)Leucovorin CalciumSee Detailed Description
Treatment (azacitidine, combination chemotherapy)Magnetic Resonance ImagingSee Detailed Description
Treatment (azacitidine, combination chemotherapy)MercaptopurineSee Detailed Description
Treatment (azacitidine, combination chemotherapy)MethotrexateSee Detailed Description
Treatment (azacitidine, combination chemotherapy)Multigated Acquisition ScanSee Detailed Description
Treatment (azacitidine, combination chemotherapy)PrednisoloneSee Detailed Description
Treatment (azacitidine, combination chemotherapy)ThioguanineSee Detailed Description
Treatment (azacitidine, combination chemotherapy)VincristineSee Detailed Description
Treatment (azacitidine, combination chemotherapy)Vincristine SulfateSee Detailed Description
Treatment (azacitidine, combination chemotherapy)Hydrocortisone Sodium SuccinateSee Detailed Description
Primary Outcome Measures
NameTimeMethod
Tolerability of Azacitidine in Combination With Interfant-06 Standard Chemotherapy in Evaluable Infant Patients With Newly Diagnosed ALL With KMT2A Gene Rearrangement (KMT2A-R). KMT2A Gene Rearrangement (KMT2A-R)6 months

Proportion of KMT2A-Rearranged patients treated with azacitidine with Dose Limiting Toxicities (DLTs) from the first course of azacitidine administration up to fourth course of azacitidine administration.

Secondary Outcome Measures
NameTimeMethod
Biologic Activity, Defined as Global Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) Methylation Change in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMC)s; Day 1 Prior to Second Course of AzacitidineWeek 13, Day 1 (Following induction phase (5 weeks), the first course of Azacitidine (1 week), and consolidation (6 weeks), the second course of Azacitidine began around Week 13 of therapy)

Will calculate the percentage of CpG site methylation for all patients before the second course of azacitidine. Mean and standard deviation will be reported.

Biologic Activity, Defined as Global Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) Methylation Change in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMC)s; Day 1 Prior to First Course of AzacitidineWeek 6, Day 1 (Following the induction phase (35 days), the first course of Azacitidine began around Week 6 of therapy)

Will calculate the percentage of CpG site methylation for all patients before the first course of azacitidine. Mean and standard deviation will be reported.

Biologic Activity, Defined as Global Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) Methylation Change in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMC)s; Day 5 of Second Course of AzacitidineWeek 13, Day 5 (Following induction phase (5 weeks), the first course of Azacitidine (1 week), and consolidation (6 weeks), the second course of Azacitidine began around Week 13 of therapy)

Will calculate the percentage of CpG site methylation for all patients after the second course of azacitidine. Mean and standard deviation will be reported.

Biologic Activity, Defined as Global Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) Methylation Change in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMC)s; Day 5 of First Course of AzacitidineWeek 6, Day 5 (Following the induction phase (35 days), the first course of Azacitidine began around Week 6 of therapy)

Will calculate the percentage of CpG site methylation for all patients after the first course of azacitidine. Mean and standard deviation will be reported.

Trial Locations

Locations (170)

Children's Hospital of Alabama

🇺🇸

Birmingham, Alabama, United States

USA Health Strada Patient Care Center

🇺🇸

Mobile, Alabama, United States

Providence Alaska Medical Center

🇺🇸

Anchorage, Alaska, United States

Banner Children's at Desert

🇺🇸

Mesa, Arizona, United States

Phoenix Childrens Hospital

🇺🇸

Phoenix, Arizona, United States

Arkansas Children's Hospital

🇺🇸

Little Rock, Arkansas, United States

Kaiser Permanente Downey Medical Center

🇺🇸

Downey, California, United States

Loma Linda University Medical Center

🇺🇸

Loma Linda, California, United States

Children's Hospital Los Angeles

🇺🇸

Los Angeles, California, United States

Cedars Sinai Medical Center

🇺🇸

Los Angeles, California, United States

Scroll for more (160 remaining)
Children's Hospital of Alabama
🇺🇸Birmingham, Alabama, United States

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