Comparing Anesthetic Techniques in Children Having Esophagogastroduodenoscopies

Not Applicable

Completed

Interventions: Drug: Intubated with Sevoflurane (IS)
Drug: Intubated with Propofol (IP)
Drug: Zofran - no intubation
Drug: Propofol

Brief Summary: The purpose of this research study is to compare the safety and effectiveness of three commonly used techniques for delivering anesthesia during a procedure known as esophagogastroduodenoscopy.

Detailed Description: Different anesthetic techniques are currently in use at Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC) for delivering anesthesia during an esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD). Because there is a lack of evidence to delineate the best techniques, pediatric anesthesiologists select the technique based on clinical preference and experience. One anesthetic technique involves the use of general anesthesia with the placement of an endotracheal tube, and maintenance with an inhalation agent, such as sevoflurane (IS). These patients may be extubated under deep anesthesia in the operating room, and allowed to awaken in the post anesthesia care unit. A similar technique involves the placement of an endotracheal tube, and anesthetic maintenance with a continuous infusion of propofol (IP). These patients are also extubated under deep anesthesia in the operating room, and allowed to awaken in the postoperative care unit. The third technique does not use an endotracheal tube and anesthetic maintenance occurs with continuous infusion of propofol with the patient breathing oxygen through their natural airway (NA). Our objective in this study is to compare outcomes between these three established anesthetic techniques.

Children in the study will be recruited from Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Operating Room Schedule. They will be cared for in the Operating Rooms and Post Anesthesia Care Unit.

Recruitment & Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria

Patient presenting as out-patients, scheduled to receive an anesthetic for a diagnostic EGD
Patient must be a candidate for any of the three anesthetic techniques. This decision will be made by a staff member of the Department of Anesthesiology, who is not a member of the study team and will be responsible for obtaining consent for anesthesia
Patient must be between ages 1 and 12 years (inclusive)
Patient must be American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) class I or II;
Eosinophilic esophagitis (EE) patients classified as an ASA III status for their EE diagnosis only
Patient must have fasted according to CCHMC policy
Patient's legally authorized representative has given written informed consent to participate in the study and, when appropriate, the subject has given assent to participate

Exclusion Criteria

Patients less than a year old and greater than 12 years old
Patients undergoing therapeutic upper endoscopy
Patients with an ASA physical status III or greater (other than EE patients)
Patients with history of allergy to propofol, any other drug in the protocol, or eggs (exclusive of egg allergies identified only by skin testing or manifested only by gastrointestinal symptoms)
Patients with personal or family history of malignant hyperthermia
Obese patients (Body mass index more than 95th percentile for age)
Patients with significant airway abnormalities (e.g., trisomy 21, craniofacial syndromes, sub-glottic stenosis, tracheomalacia, tracheostomy)
Patients with history of obstructive sleep apnea
Patient receiving sedative premedication
Patient previously treated under this protocol
Patients with symptoms of an active upper respiratory infection
Patients with history of coagulopathy
Patients with esophageal varices or gastrointestinal bleeding

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
Native Airway - no intubation	Propofol	Anesthetic technique during (EGD)
Intubated with Sevoflurane (IS)	Intubated with Sevoflurane (IS)	Anesthetic technique during (EGD)
Intubated with Propofol (IP)	Intubated with Propofol (IP)	Anesthetic technique during (EGD)
Native Airway - no intubation	Zofran - no intubation	Anesthetic technique during (EGD)

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Number of Participants With Respiratory Complications	Admission for surgery through recovery period, approximately 3 hours	An important outcome in the anesthetic management of these patients is to maintain a balance between a safe technique with a minimal incidence of respiratory complications, and a technique that facilitates rapid turnover of the gastrointestinal suite. A chi-square test, or Fisher's exact test will measure differences among the three anesthetic groups. Different anesthetic techniques are currently in use at Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC). Because there is a lack of evidence to delineate the best techniques, pediatric anesthesiologists select the technique based on clinical preference and experience.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Peri-operative Times Between Three Different Anesthetic Techniques	Admission for surgery through recovery period, approximately 3 hours	Time measurements are used to evaluate the efficiency of the different techniques. We will compare the times spent in the operating room and the postoperative unit for each technique.