Carfilzomib in Combination With Cyclophosphamide and Etoposide for Children

Phase 1

Completed

• Conditions: Refractory Solid Tumors; Relapsed Leukemia; Relapsed Solid Tumors; Refractory Leukemia
• Interventions: Drug: Carfilzomib; Drug: Cyclophosphamide; Drug: Etoposide

• Registration Number: NCT02512926
• Lead Sponsor: Stanford University

Brief Summary

This study evaluates the use of carfilzomib in combination with cyclophosphamide and etoposide for children with relapsed/refractory solid tumors or leukemia. The medications cyclophosphamide and etoposide are standard drugs often used together for the treatment of cancer in children with solid tumors or leukemia.

Carfilzomib is FDA (Food and Drug Administration) approved in the United States for adults with multiple myeloma (a type of cancer). However, this drug is not approved to treat children with relapsed/refractory solid tumors or leukemia. With this research, we plan to determine the DLTs and MTD of Carfilzomib given in combination with cyclophosphamide and etoposide in pediatric patients with relapsed/refractory leukemias and solid tumors.

Detailed Description

Part 1 of the study will include a dose escalation based on Dose limiting toxicities (DLTs) until the MTD or highest dose level is reached, whichever comes first.

At the MTD or highest dose level (if no MTD is reached), an additional 6 patients will be enrolled to further evaluate safety of the regimen (Part 2).

Part 2 of this study will enroll additional patients at the highest tolerable dose found in Part 1 in order to get more information on side effects and make sure the dose is tolerable

Once an MTD is determined for Strata A or B, if the Study Principal Investigator determines that the study treatment should not be further pursued due to safety or enrollment barriers, the expansion Part or the study will be discontinued.

Study Timeline

• Study First Submitted: 2015-07-21
• Study First Submitted QC: 2015-07-28
• Study First Posted: 2015-07-31
• Study Start: 2016-02-16
• Primary Completion: 2021-08-28
• Study Completion: 2023-11-07
• Status Verified: 2024-01
• Last Update Submitted: 2024-01-10
• Last Update Posted: 2024-01-12

Recruitment & Eligibility

• Status: COMPLETED
• Sex: All
• Target Recruitment: 4

Inclusion Criteria

1. Patients must have either of the following:

   1. Relapsed/refractory leukemia in 2nd or greater relapse or who have failed at least one re-induction attempt after relapse or for refractory disease. Patients must meet the WHO classification with ≥ 5% blasts in the bone marrow or must have definitive extramedullary disease (e.g. chloromas, skin lesions). Patients may have asymptomatic CNS 1 or CNS 2 disease, but not CNS 3 or symptomatic CNS disease.

      OR

   2. Relapsed/refractory non-CNS solid tumor that has not responded or has relapsed and for which no standard treatment is available. Patients may not have primary CNS tumors or CNS metastases. Lymphoma patients are permitted. Patients do not need to have measurable disease.

2. Age 6 months - 29.99 years at enrollment

3. Life expectancy ≥ 3 months

4. Lansky or Karnofsky ≥50

5. Prior therapy

   1. Patient must have fully recovered from the acute toxic effects of all prior chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiotherapy, or surgery prior to study entry.
   2. Myelosuppressive therapy- At least 14 days must have elapsed since the administration of previous therapy. Six weeks must have elapsed from the administration of nitrosureas or mitomycin C. For patients with ALL on maintenance therapy, they may be eligible if 7 days have elapsed and they are recovered from the toxic effects of the chemotherapy. This restriction does not include intrathecal chemotherapy, which is permitted.
   3. Biologic agents- At least 14 days must have elapsed since the completion of therapy with a biologic agent such as a monoclonal antibody. Seven days must have elapsed since the last dose of retinoids
   4. Radiation therapy - At least 14 days must have elapsed for local XRT. At least 90 days must have elapsed if prior radiation to ≥50% of the pelvis, the spine, or other substantial bone marrow radiation including TBI.
   5. Hematopoietic growth factors- At least 7 days must have elapsed since the last dose of G-CSF or GM-CSF. At least 14 days must have elapsed since last dose of pegfilgrastim (Neulasta®).

6. Patient must be ≥ 3 months from hematopoietic stem cell transplant, must not have active GVHD, and must be off all immunosuppression

7. Organ function:

   1. Either a serum creatinine ≤ ULN for age, or calculated or measured GFR ≥ 70 mL/min/1.73 m2
   2. Total bilirubin ≤ 1.5 x ULN for age, direct bilirubin ≤ ULN for age
   3. AST and ALT ≤ 3 x ULN for age unless elevation can be clearly attributed to liver leukemia or metastases
   4. ECHO shortening fraction ≥ 27%
   5. Pulse Oximetry measurement ≥ 95% saturation without supplemental oxygen

8. Bone marrow function:

   1. Hgb ≥10 g/dL - can be transfused
   2. Plts ≥ 75,000 - cannot be transfused (must be ≥ 7 days from last plt transfusion)
   3. ANC ≥ 750 - cannot be transfused (must be ≥ 72 hours from last neutrophil infusion)

   However, the plt and ANC requirements can be waived if low counts thought to be secondary to leukemia or tumor bone marrow infiltration

9. Reproductive function:

   1. Female patients of childbearing potential must have a negative serum pregnancy test confirmed within 7 days prior to enrollment
   2. Female patients with infants must agree not to breastfeed their infants while on the study
   3. Male and female patients of child-bearing potential must agree to use an effective method of contraception approved by the investigator during the study and for a minimum of 3 months after study treatment

10. Written informed consent

Exclusion Criteria

1. Prior treatment with carfilzomib
2. Known allergy to Captisol® (a cyclodextrin derivative used to solubilize carfilzomib).
3. Down syndrome
4. Fanconi Anemia or other underlying bone marrow failure syndrome
5. Pregnant or lactating females
6. Known history of Hepatitis B or C or HIV
7. Patient with any significant concurrent illness
8. Patient with uncontrolled systemic fungal, bacterial, viral or other infection with ongoing signs/symptoms despite appropriate treatment
9. Patient with illness, psychiatric disorder or social issue that could compromise patient safety or compliance with the protocol treatment or procedures, or interfere with the consent, study participation, follow-up, or interpretation of study results.

Study & Design

• Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Design: SINGLE_GROUP

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
Carfilzomib	Cyclophosphamide	Carfilzomib in combination with cyclophosphamide and etoposide
Carfilzomib	Carfilzomib	Carfilzomib in combination with cyclophosphamide and etoposide
Carfilzomib	Etoposide	Carfilzomib in combination with cyclophosphamide and etoposide

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
To determine the DLTs and MTD of carfilzomib given in combination with cyclophosphamide and etoposide in pediatric patients with relapsed/refractory leukemias and solid tumors	30 Days post treatment initiation

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
To evaluate toxicities of carfilzomib in the pediatric population when combined with conventional chemotherapy.	Treatment initiation through 30 days post treatment	Record AEs and SAEs
To measure the level of proteosome inhibition in patient PBMCs before and during treatment by determination of the level of protein ubiquitination	Treatment initiation through 30 days post treatment
Determine patient response rate (CR, PR, SD, PD) with this regimen	Treatment initiation through 30 days post treatment
To measure if circulating plasma proteosome (cProt) levels post treatment correlate with response to therapy and overall survival.	Treatment initiation through 30 days post treatment
To measure if the levels of proteasome activity and resistance to carfilzomib correlates with toxicity and/or response to treatment	Treatment initiation through 30 days post treatment
To determine in vitro sensitivity of patient leukemias and solid tumors to carfilzomib alone and in combination with study chemotherapeutic agents in order to generate a predictive model of drug sensitivity	Treatment initiation through 30 days post treatment
To perform whole exome sequencing (WES) and RNA seq on patient leukemia and solid tumor samples and WES on germ line DNA in order to determine potential mechanisms of drug sensitivity or resistance	Treatment initiation through 30 days post treatment
To measure if inhibition of proteasome activity by carfilzomib results in alteration in a number of autophagy and apoptosis related proteins, providing means to evaluate correlates of activity of carfilzomib	Treatment initiation through 30 days post treatment

Trial Locations

Locations (8)

Phoenix Children's Hospital; 🇺🇸 Phoenix, Arizona, United States

Penn State Hershey Children's Hospital; 🇺🇸 Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States

Stanford University School of Medicine and Stanford Cancer Institute; 🇺🇸 Palo Alto, California, United States

Alberta Children's Hospital; 🇨🇦 Calgary, Alberta, Canada

Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center; 🇺🇸 New York, New York, United States

Dana Farber Cancer Institute; 🇺🇸 Boston, Massachusetts, United States

University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio; 🇺🇸 San Antonio, Texas, United States

Arkansas Children's Hospital; 🇺🇸 Little Rock, Arkansas, United States