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Impact of the Transpulmonary Pressure on Right Ventricle Function in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Not Applicable
Completed
Conditions
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Interventions
Other: Pneumotachograph
Other: Esophageal catheter
Other: Transthoracic and / or transesophageal cardiac ultrasound
Other: Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) for pediatric patients
Registration Number
NCT04184674
Lead Sponsor
Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris
Brief Summary

Pulmonary distension induced by mechanical ventilation physiologically alters right ventricle pre and after-load, hence might lead to right ventricle failure. The hypothesis is that in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome, the occurence of a right ventricle failure under lung protective ventilation might :

i) be correlated to the transpulmonary pressure level, ii) lead to global heart failure, iii) and extremely result in poor outcome and death.

The primary objective is to test the impact of transpulmonary pressure on right ventricular function in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in adults and children.

Secondary objectives are :

i) to compare thresholds of transpulmonary pressure associated with right ventricle failure between children and adults.

ii) to assess if there is an association between transpulmonary pressure and morbidity and mortality.

- For pediatric patients, a specific monitoring with electrical impedance tomography (EIT) will allow:

* To assess if the transpulmonary pressure is associated with the level of regional pulmonary overdistention (or collapse) on electrical impedance tomography.(EIT)

* To assess if there is an association between the occurrence of right ventricular failure, and distribution of ventilation on EIT.

Detailed Description

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is an acute inflammatory lung injury associated with a high pulmonary vascular permeability, leading to acute respiratory failure. Positive pressure mechanical ventilation,improves survival but might lead to ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) and right ventricular failure. This hemodynamic effect is more important when compliance is decreased, especially in ARDS.

The use of long protective ventilation (with low tidal volumes and low plateau pressures) has improved prognosis of ARDS in adult patients. However, tidal volume and plateau pressures do not always reflect the lung deformation and the stress induced by the ventilation; these variables depend on the characteristics of the patient's respiratory system. Therefore, management focuses on ventilation strategies according to these characteristics.

Among tools used to evaluate respiratory physiological parameters, the esophageal pressure measurement is easily feasible at the bedside, and well estimates pleural pressure and pulmonary distension. During invasive ventilation, transpulmonary pressure (PL) can be obtained with the difference between the airway pressure and the esophageal pressure. Calculation of transpulmonary pressure in ARDS allows optimal ventilator management of adult and children treated for ARDS.

Although individualized ventilation techniques have shown some benefits in ARDS, studies have failed to show that survival could be improved by such strategies. This lack of efficacy could be partly explained by the hemodynamic impact of ventilation-induced pulmonary distension. It therefore seems essential to combine a robust assessment of right ventricular function with measurements of transpulmonary pressure in order to know the real hemodynamic impact of positive pressure ventilation in ARDS in adults and children.

The primary objective is to test the impact of transpulmonary pressure on right ventricular functionin ARDS adults and children.

Secondary objectives are :

i) to compare thresholds of transpulmonary pressure associated to right ventricle failure between children and adults ii) to assess if there is an association between transpulmonary pressure and morbidity and mortality.

- For pediatric patients, a specific monitoring with electrical impedance tomography (EIT) will allow:

* To assess if the transpulmonary pressure is associated with the level of regional pulmonary overdistention (or collapse) on electrical impedance tomography.(EIT)

* To assess if there is an association between the occurrence of right ventricular failure, and distribution of ventilation on EIT.

Recruitment & Eligibility

Status
COMPLETED
Sex
All
Target Recruitment
50
Inclusion Criteria
  • Patients over one month
  • Patients with mild to severe ARDS (onset within 48 hours). ARDS definition will follow Berlin guidelines for adults, and Pediatric Acute Lung Injury Consensus Conference (PALICC) guidelines for children
  • Signed consent

Exclusion Criteria :

  • Neonates less than 28 days-old
  • Pregnancy or breastfeeding
  • Any contra-indication to esophageal manometry (less than one month esophagus surgery, bronchopleural or esotracheal fistula, latex allergy)
  • No social care
Exclusion Criteria

Not provided

Study & Design

Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Study Design
SINGLE_GROUP
Arm && Interventions
GroupInterventionDescription
Acute Respiratory Distress SyndromeEsophageal catheterChildren of more than one month of age and adults hospitalized in Intensive Care Unit for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.
Acute Respiratory Distress SyndromePneumotachographChildren of more than one month of age and adults hospitalized in Intensive Care Unit for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.
Acute Respiratory Distress SyndromeTransthoracic and / or transesophageal cardiac ultrasoundChildren of more than one month of age and adults hospitalized in Intensive Care Unit for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.
Acute Respiratory Distress SyndromeElectrical impedance tomography (EIT) for pediatric patientsChildren of more than one month of age and adults hospitalized in Intensive Care Unit for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.
Primary Outcome Measures
NameTimeMethod
Right ventricle failureThree days

Right ventricle failure is defined, by ultrasound, as a composite criteria associating :

* end-diastolic right ventricle/left ventricle area ratio \> 0.6 and/or Acute Cor Pulmonale (assocation with a septal dyskinesia),

* and/or a tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion \< 1,6 cm (adults), z-score \< -2 (children),

* and/or a doppler-derived tricuspid lateral annular systolic velocity (S wave) \< 10 cm/s,

* and/or a two-dimensional Fractional Area Change (defined as end-diastolic area - end-systolic area)/end-diastolic area x100) \< 35%,

* and/or a peak right ventricle free wall 2D strain \< -30% (adults), z-score \< 2 (children).

Secondary Outcome Measures
NameTimeMethod
Airways pressureThree days

Airways pressure (Paw) will be measured in cmH2O thanks to a pneumotachograph connected to the ventilator.

Duration of treatment with vasoactive or inotropic drugs3 months after hospitalization in Intensive Care Unit

Number of days under vaso-active or inotropic drugs

Length of hospitalization3 months after hospitalization in Intensive Care Unit

Length of hospitalization in Intensive Care Unit and in hospital in days.

Oesophageal pressureThree days

Esophageal pressure (Pes) will be measured in cmH2O thanks to an oesophageal balloon catheter introduced in the mid-esophagus of the patient and connected to a manometer.

Vaso-Active Inotrope Score (VIS)Three days

Correlation between transpulmonary pressure and morbidity. Vaso-Active Inotrope Score is a hemodynamic score taking into account the cumulative doses of inotropic or vassopressive drugs. It is obtained thanks this calculation : VIS = dopamine dose (µg/kg/min) + dobutamine dose (µg/kg/min) + 100 x epinephrine dose (µg/kg/min) + 10 x milrinone dose (µg/kg/min) + 10000 x vasopressin dose (µg/kg/min) + 100 x norepinephrine dose (µg/kg/min). Its value ranges from zero, which is associated to a better outcome, to the maximum cumulative dose without any limit.

Transpulmonary pressure calculationThree days

Measurements will be performed at different moments during the respiratory cycle: after an inspiratory pause to evaluate the tele-inspiratory transpulmonary pressure (PL-insp), and after an expiratory pause to evaluate the tele-expiratory transpulmonary pressure (PL-PEP ). The PL-insp will be calculated using the ratio between the elastance of the chest wall (Ecw) and of the respiratory system (Ers) thanks to this formula PL = Paw - Paw x (Ecw/Ers). The PL-exp will be calculated using the ratio between Paw et Pes (PL = Paw - Pes). Transpulmonary pressure will be expressed in cmH2O.

Mortality at 28 days28 days

Death in Intensive Care Unit and at 28 days of hospitalization.

Eletrical impedance tomography3 days

Electrical impedance tomography will be monitored only in children. Several methods will be used and compared, based on e.g. pixel information of lung aeration, to assess end-expiratory lung volume (ELLV, in mL) and the distribution of ventilation

Pediatric logistic organ dysfunction scoreThree days

Pediatric logistic organ dysfunction score is a specific pediatric multiple organ dysfunction score that includes 10 variables corresponding to 5 organ dysfunctions. Values extend from 0 (best outcome) to 33 (worst outcome).

Sepsis-related Organ Function Assessement scoreThree days

Sepsis-related Organ Function Assessement score is a multiple organ dysfunction score that includes several variables corresponding to 6 organ dysfunctions. Values extend from 0 (best outcome) to 24 (worst outcome).

Invasive and non invasive ventilation free days3 months after hospitalization in Intensive Care Unit

Number of invasive and non invasive ventilation free days

Mortality in Intensive Care Unit3 months after hospitalization in Intensive Care Unit

Death in Intensive Care Unit.

Lung and Chest Wall complianceThree days

Lung and chest wall compliances (in mL/cmH2O) will be calculated thanks to the respective ratios tidal volume/(PL-insp - PL-PEP) and tidal volume/(Pes insp - Pes-PEP).

Trial Locations

Locations (2)

Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades

🇫🇷

Paris, France

Hôpital Ambroise Paré

🇫🇷

Boulogne-Billancourt, France

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