Defining Skin Immunity of a Bite of Key Insect Vectors in Humans
- Conditions
- MalariaZikaChikungunyaLeishmaniasisDengue
- Interventions
- Other: Four vector feedingOther: One vector feeding
- Registration Number
- NCT03641339
- Brief Summary
Background:
Mosquitoes and similar insects called sand flies carry parasites that can cause diseases. These viruses and parasites can spread quickly and be difficult to control. How people s bodies respond to insect bites may affect how they get infected. The response to bites is caused by the immune system, which helps fight off infections. Researchers want to study the immune response in skin to mosquito or sand fly bites and how the response changes after bites on multiple days. This may help researchers develop better vaccines.
Objective:
To study the immune response in skin to certain insect bites and how that changes after bites on multiple days.
Eligibility:
Healthy adults ages 18-64
Design:
Participants will be screened under another protocol. Women must agree to practice effective contraception or abstinence. All participants must agree to not donate blood or use certain lotions or creams on visit days.
Some participants will have 2 visits over a week. Others will have 5 visits over 8 weeks.
All participants will have the following at least once:
Medical history
Physical exam
Blood and urine collected
Mosquito or sand fly feeding. Up to 10 insects will feed on participant s arm for up to 20 minutes. The insects are grown at NIH and do not carry any diseases. The skin will be checked and bites will be treated.
Skin samples taken. The skin will be cleaned and numbed. A tool will remove a small piece of skin from 3 places on the arm.
About a week after the last visit, participants will be called to see how they feel.
- Detailed Description
Vector-borne diseases continue to cause significant morbidity and mortality worldwide despite ongoing control efforts. Vectors like sand flies and mosquitoes deliver the pathogen into the skin of humans while taking a blood meal. Most vaccines under development ignore the importance of the complex infectious inoculum delivered by the vector and the local immune response that occurs at the site of the bite. In addition, many preclinical studies are carried out in animal models that do not replicate the natural route of infection, transmission by vector bites, and often bypass the skin interface altogether. As such, these studies do not evaluate what role the vector plays in the initiation of these infections. Further compounding this problem, many clinical studies are performed in naïve individuals who have never been exposed to the vector, while those living in endemic areas will have had long-term exposure to vectors through uninfected bites.
A cumulative body of evidence from animal models demonstrates that a variety of vector-derived components are co-delivered with the pathogen and may play an important role in the establishment of infection. There is limited knowledge of the effect of these vector-derived factors on the immune response in human skin and their potential impact on infection establishment.
In this protocol, we will examine the early skin immune response to bites of three arthropods: the mosquito Aedes aegypti, the vector of Zika, dengue, and chikungunya viruses; the mosquito Anopheles gambiae, the vector of malaria; and the sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis, the vector of leishmaniasis. We will also explore how multiple vector bite exposures over time modulate future immune response at the bite site. Healthy participants will come to the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and undergo feeding by one of the three vectors, then have three skin punch biopsies performed by trained medical practitioners to evaluate local immune response. Participants in Cohort A will have one feeding; participants in Cohort B will have 4 feedings, each 2 weeks apart. Biopsies will be collected after the final feeding. Blood will be collected after the one feeding in Cohort A and after the fourth and final feeding in Cohort B to assess systemic immune response.
With the current rise of vector-borne diseases in the United States and around the world, we hope the results of this study contribute to future vaccine design and clinical development strategies for vector-borne diseases.
Recruitment & Eligibility
- Status
- COMPLETED
- Sex
- All
- Target Recruitment
- 95
Not provided
Not provided
Study & Design
- Study Type
- INTERVENTIONAL
- Study Design
- PARALLEL
- Arm && Interventions
Group Intervention Description Cohort B: Four vector feedings and three biopsies Four vector feeding Undergo 4 vector feedings over 8 weeks and 3 biopsy procedures after the 4th and final feeding Cohort A: One vector feeding and three biopsies One vector feeding Undergo one vector feeding and three biopsies on Day 0
- Primary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method Participants With Local Skin Adaptive Immune Response After Multiple Exposures Over Time to Bites of Each of the Three Vector Groups Up to 48 hours post bite Number of participants with certain types of inflammatory cell infiltrates, which includes neutrophils, mononuclear cells, and eosinophils, in the skin biopsies of bitten skin at 30 minutes, 4 hours, and 48 hours post bite for each of the three vector groups - Aedes aegypti, Anopheles gambiae, and Lutzomyia longipalpis
Number of Differentially Expressed Genes Between Bitten (Case) Versus Unbitten (Control) Skin for Each of the Three Vector Groups Up to 48 hours post bite Number of differentially expressed genes between bitten and unbitten skin with adjusted p-values (adjusted for multiple comparisons) of \< 0.05 and a minimum absolute fold change \> 4 in samples derived from skin biopsies for the three vector groups - Aedes aegypti, Anopheles gambiae, Lutzomyia longipalpis
- Secondary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method
Trial Locations
- Locations (1)
National Institutes of Health Clinical Center
🇺🇸Bethesda, Maryland, United States