Single-Shot With Dexmedetomidine Versus Continuous Ultrasound-guided Erector Spinae Plane Block for Postoperative Pain Control After Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy

Not Applicable

• Conditions: Stone, Kidney
• Interventions: Drug: continous ESPB; Drug: single shot ESBP with dexmedtomidine

• Registration Number: NCT04650737
• Lead Sponsor: Cairo University

Brief Summary

The current study is designed to assess the efficacy of a single shot ESPB with Dexmedetomidineversus continuous ESPB in perioperative analgesia for PCNL. Both techniques are conducted for patients undergoing PCNL under GA.

Detailed Description

Successful perioperative pain management is one of the main goals of the whole anesthetic practice. Kidney Surgeries, especially those involving the renal pelvis warrant special analgesic considerations. This is due to the sensitivity of the renal pelvis to pain. Its sub-diaphragmatic position affects deep breathing and coughing. Which renders adequate analgesia an important factor for maintaining good respiratory force and depth postoperative and reduces respiratory complications like atelectasis.

The Use of a single mode of analgesia in these settings , like the use of parenteral opioids for example, provides significantly less analgesic effect and more complications including respiratory depression , PONV (postoperative nausea and vomiting ) , constipation , urine retention ...etc.

The use of regional techniques as a part of multimodal pain management in these procedures provides superior analgesia and less complication rates.

This is added to high expectations of an easier perioperative course of PCNL (percutaneous nephrolithotomy) being and endoscopic procedure that does not involve a big skin incision. These expectations also include a short hospital stay. However PCNL is usually associated with significant pain and discomfort postoperatively. Various studies have been studying effects of integrating local and regional techniques in the perioperative pain management.

For Regional and local procedures of analgesia; Studies of Single Shot technique and catheter techniques has long been ongoing for many regional techniques for example like Pravertebral block and adductor canal block . These studies are conducted to determine the efficacy and adversities each technique.

Alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonists such as clonidine have been shown to increase the duration of peripheral nerve block . Dexmedetomidine is a more potent and selective α-2-adrenoceptor compared to clonidine . Peri-neural dexmedetomidine was evaluated in animal studies where it prolonged the duration of sensory and motor blocks of local anesthetics without any evidence of neurotoxicity for up to 14 days after initial administration . The use of perineuraldexmedetomidine prolong the duration of of sensory block, provide effective acute pain control after surgery and reduce the need for rescue analgesia in several nerve blocks like upper limb extremity blocks,Paravertebral block), tranversus abdominis plane (TAP) block and Erector spinae plane block.

Erector spinae plane block (ESPB) is a relatively novel procedure. The limited number of studies available show promising results as regards the efficacy of pain management in trunk surgeries and renal interventions. However the studies that clarify the different applications of ESPB, including the efficacy of a single shot versus a continuous block with an indwelling catheter, are lacking.

Study Timeline

• Study First Submitted: 2020-11-13
• Status Verified: 2020-12
• Study Start: 2020-12-01
• Study First Submitted QC: 2020-12-02
• Last Update Submitted: 2020-12-02
• Study First Posted: 2020-12-03
• Last Update Posted: 2020-12-03
• Primary Completion: 2021-12-01
• Study Completion: 2021-12-29

Recruitment & Eligibility

• Status: UNKNOWN
• Sex: All
• Target Recruitment: 40

Inclusion Criteria

• Adult patients of age (18-50), ASA physical status I or II undergoing unilateral percutaneous nephrolithotomy

Exclusion Criteria

• • Body mass index greater than 35 kg/m2.
• Pregnancy.
• Unstable coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, or arrhythmias.
• Baseline heart rate (HR) less than 60 beats/min or baseline systolic blood pressure less than 100 mmHg.
• Pre-existing neurological deficits or neuropathy.
• Significant psychiatric or cognitive conditions interfering with consent or assessment.
• Significant renal impairment (creatinine above 2 mg/dl)
• Severe bronchopulmonary disease, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and obstructive sleep apnea.
• Known contraindications to peripheral nerve block, including local skin infections, bleeding diathesis, and coagulopathy.
• Allergies to local anesthetics, dexmedetomidine, or any component of multimodal analgesia.

Study & Design

• Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Design: PARALLEL

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
Group B (continous infusion,n=20)	continous ESPB	Patients in this group will receive 30 ml bupivacaine 0.25%plus 1ml normal salinefollowed by continuous infusion of 8ml / hour of 0.125% bupivacaine for 24 hrs;ESPB
Group A (single shot,n=20)	single shot ESBP with dexmedtomidine	Patients in this group will receive 30 ml bupivacaine 0.25% plus 1ml of 1µg/kg Dexmedetomidine ;ultrasound guided ESPB

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Duration of postoperative Analgesia:	post-operative period(24 hours)	"the time interval between extubation and the first request to postoperative analgesia

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Duration of sensory block	24 hours	the time interval between the onset of successful sensory block and the first request to postoperative analgesia
Visual analogue scale from 1 to 10,while 10 is the worst pain at rest and movement	24 hours	visual analogue scale during rest and movement