Effect of core strengthening exercises on balance and fall in post menopausal women

This study aims to evaluate the effect of core strengthening exercises on balance and fall risk in post-menopausal women. Post-menopausal hormonal changes lead to reduced muscle strength, impaired postural control, increased pain sensitivity, and higher fall risk. Core strengthening improves trunk stability and balance, while PNE addresses maladaptive pain beliefs, fear of movement, and pain catastrophizing, thereby enhancing exercise participation and movement confidence. This community-based, single-blinded, randomized controlled trial will include post-menopausal women allocated into two groups: an intervention group receiving  with a structured core strengthening program and a control group receiving conventional physiotherapy exercises. Interventions will be conducted over four weeks. Balance, fall risk, core strength, pain catastrophizing, and fear of movement will be assessed using standardized outcome measures including Berg Balance Scale, Y-Balance Test, Timed Up and Go Test, Fall Efficacy Scale, McGill Torso Test, Pain Catastrophizing Scale, and Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia. The study aims to determine whether core strengthening provides superior improvement in balance and fall prevention compared to conventional physiotherapy alone.