Neurocognitive and Health Impact of Sleep Apnea in Elderly Veterans With Comorbid COPD

Not Applicable

Recruiting

• Conditions: OSA COPD Overlap Syndrome; Obstructive Sleep Apnea
• Interventions: Device: Positive airway pressure; Device: NIPPV and /or oxygen

• Registration Number: NCT02703207
• Lead Sponsor: VA Office of Research and Development

Brief Summary

Cognitive dysfunction in the aging Veteran population is a growing health concern in the Veterans Health System. It is not known whether OSA coexisting with COPD will enhance the risk for cognitive dysfunction. The investigators sought to investigate whether these two highly prevalent diseases, that often co-exist as the 'Overlap Syndrome', combine to enhance cognitive impairment in the elderly Veteran population. Thus, the investigators will study whether elderly patients with Overlap syndrome have increased cognitive deficits compared with OSA or COPD alone. Additionally, treatment of OSA with positive airway pressure (PAP) has been shown to improve neurocognitive function in moderate-to-severe OSA while cognitive decline in COPD may be reversible through treatment with long-term oxygen therapy. The investigators will also study whether treatment with positive airway pressure (PAP) and supplemental oxygen vs PAP alone will improve cognitive function and improve quality of life of elderly Veterans.

Detailed Description

OBJECTIVE: Describe the clinical and physiological characteristics of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and comorbid chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and study the impact of treatment on neurocognitive outcomes in elderly Veterans.

RESEARCH PLAN: The investigators will study if elderly Veterans with OSA and comorbid COPD have increased neurocognitive deficits and sleepiness with reduced quality of life compared to patients with either OSA or COPD alone (Aim 3) and whether treatment with PAP/NIPPV and supplemental oxygen compared to CPAP alone in elderly Veterans with moderate-to-severe OSA and concomitant moderate-to-severe COPD will improve cognitive function, sleepiness and quality of life (QoL).

Aim A: To determine if elderly Veterans with OSA and comorbid COPD have increased neurocognitive deficits and sleepiness compared to patients with either OSA or COPD.

Hypothesis: Elderly veterans (age 60 years) with moderate-to-severe OSA and concomitant moderate-to-severe COPD will have significantly increased cognitive deficits and daytime sleepiness compared with similar patients with OSA alone or COPD alone.

To study this aim the investigators will prospectively administer and compare the results of a battery of cognitive tests, and sleepiness and QoL questionnaires in elderly patients with OSA, COPD, and the Overlap Syndrome.

Aim B. To determine if treatment with PAP/NIPPV and/or supplemental oxygen compared to CPAP alone in elderly Veterans with OSA and concomitant moderate-to-severe COPD will improve cognitive function, sleepiness, and QoL.

Hypothesis: Therapy with PAP and supplemental oxygen will reverse neurocognitive deficits in one or more domains, reduce sleepiness, and improve QoL compared with CPAP alone in patients with moderate-to-severe OSA and concomitant moderate COPD. This aim will evaluate which specific deficits in neurocognitive function in patients with moderate-to-severe Overlap Syndrome are reversible and most sensitive to the effects of positive airway pressure (PAP) and oxygen vs CPAP alone.

To study this aim the investigators will randomize patients with the Overlap Syndrome to 3months of therapy with PAP and/or oxygen vs CPAP alone for 3 months and evaluate impact on neurocognitive function, sleepiness and quality of life before and after therapy.

Study Timeline

• Study First Submitted: 2016-02-18
• Study First Submitted QC: 2016-03-03
• Study First Posted: 2016-03-09
• Study Start: 2016-08-17
• Status Verified: 2024-10
• Last Update Submitted: 2024-10-02
• Last Update Posted: 2024-10-03
• Primary Completion: 2025-09-30
• Study Completion: 2025-12-31

Recruitment & Eligibility

• Status: RECRUITING
• Sex: All
• Target Recruitment: 108

Inclusion Criteria

• OSA defined by the International classification of Sleep Disorders-322 diagnostic criteria with moderate-to-severe disease, i.e. apnea hypopnea index (AHI) 15* per hour by polysomnography
• Moderate-to-severe COPD defined by GOLD 2 and 3 (Global Obstructive Lung Disease) 23 criteria with FEV1/FVC ratio <70% and FEV1 >30% and <80% of predicted based on PFT done within the past 1 year and a past significant history (10 pack-years) of smoking
• Age 60 years
• Male or female gender

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Exclusion Criteria

• Mild COPD
• Mild OSA
• Overlap Syndrome with mild OSA plus mild COPD
• Central sleep apnea defined as central apnea index >5 per hour
• Already on daytime oxygen or nighttime CPAP, NIPPV, oral appliance
• Current smokers
• Pregnant women
• Disorders of hypoventilation due to known neuromuscular or chest wall diseases**
• Patients with significant restrictive lung disease on pulmonary function testing
• Recent admission for any acute illness within the prior 4 months
• Current psychiatric illness requiring sedating medications
• Use of hypnotics, anxiolytics, sedating antidepressants, anticonvulsants, sedating antihistamines, stimulants, or other medications likely to affect alertness or daytime functioning for Aim 3/4
• For Aim 3 and 4 only, existing depression as assessed by the PHQ (Patient Health Questionnaire)-9 (score >10)
• History of learning disability
• Inability to sign consent
• Epworth sleepiness score 18 or a near-miss or prior automobile accident due to sleepiness within the past 12 months
• Patients with unstable heart disease, decompensated heart failure, ejection fraction<45% or uncontrolled arrhythmias
• Patients unable to use either a nasal or face mask (e.g., facial trauma)
• Consumption of > 2 alcoholic beverages per day or past history of excessive alcohol use
• Current use of illicit drugs
• Patients who have problems with vision or dexterity and hence, cannot use CPAP/NIPPV
• Life expectancy is less than 6 months

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Study & Design

• Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Design: PARALLEL

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
Positive airway pressure therapy	NIPPV and /or oxygen	Control group patients will receive standard care with PAP- positive airway pressure.
Positive airway pressure therapy	Positive airway pressure	Control group patients will receive standard care with PAP- positive airway pressure.

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Neurocognitive test	Change from baseline at 3 months	The neurocognitive test: abbreviated Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (WASI) will be administered to evaluate verbal comprehension and working memory. This score is adjusted for age. Scored on a Standard scale of 100 +/- 15 for normal ranges, above 115 is above average, below 85 is considered below average.
Sleepiness	Change from baseline sleepiness at 3 months	Epworth sleepiness scale score will be measured. This score is on a scale of 0-24, where a higher value indicates a worse outcome.
Neurocognitive function	Change from baseline neurocognitive function at 3 months	The neurocognitive test - Trails A test will be administered to evaluate attention and psychomotor function. This score is adjusted for age, race, gender, and years of education. Scored on a Standard scale of 100 +/- 15 for normal ranges, above 115 is above average, below 85 is considered below average.
Quality of life	Change from baseline quality of life at 3 months	Quality of Life (Qol) Questionnaires: Disease specific QoL will be assessed using the St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ). The SGRQ has three subscale domains (Symptoms, Activity, and Impacts), which range from 0-100, where a higher value indicates a worse outcome. The total SGRQ is the average of these subscale domains and is on a scale of 0-100, where a higher value is a worse outcome.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Hours of nightly positive airway pressure (PAP) use/NIPPV use	90 days after start of therapy	Collection of PAP adherence data from the smart card of the PAP machine or from online data.
Hours of nightly oxygen use	3 months after start of therapy	Adherence to supplemental oxygen (O2) will be determined by the total hours of nightly O2 use obtained from the O2 concentrator that is provided by the vendor.
Blood pressure	At baseline	Measure blood pressure at baseline visit
Borg scale	Change from baseline at 3 months	This measures the level of dyspnea during the 6 minute walk test. It is on a scale of 0-10, where a larger value is a worse outcome.
Dyspnea	Change from baseline at 3 months	6 minute walk test (6MWT): Participants are instructed to achieve maximal distance. There is no scale, but a larger value is a better outcome.

Trial Locations

Locations (1)

John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, MI; 🇺🇸 Detroit, Michigan, United States