The impact of adverse childhood experiences on sensation and pain in people living with multiple long-term health conditions and chronic pai
- Conditions
- Multimorbidity and chronic painSigns and Symptoms
- Registration Number
- ISRCTN10049430
- Lead Sponsor
- niversity of Dundee
- Brief Summary
Not available
- Detailed Description
Not available
Recruitment & Eligibility
- Status
- Ongoing
- Sex
- All
- Target Recruitment
- 40
Four groups of participants aged =18 years old are eligible for recruitment:
1. Chronic pain with multimorbidity
1.1. Has =1 of the LTCs listed below
1.2. Has a diagnosis of chronic pain AND/OR has had persistent or recurring pain lasting >3 months
2. Chronic pain without multimorbidity
2.1. Has a diagnosis of chronic pain AND/OR has had persistent or recurring pain lasting >3 months
3. Multimorbidity without chronic pain
3.1 Has =2 of the LTCs listed below
4. Healthy volunteer controls
List of long-term conditions (LTCs):
Cardiovascular disease: stroke, coronary artery disease, heart failure, peripheral artery disease, heart valve disorders, arrhythmia, venous thromboembolic disease, aneurysm, hypertension (treated and untreated).
Metabolic and endocrine disease: diabetes, Addison’s disease, cystic fibrosis, thyroid disorders.
Respiratory disease: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, bronchiectasis.
Neurological disease: Parkinson’s disease, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, paralysis, transient ischaemic attack, peripheral neuropathy.
Cancer: solid organ cancers, haematological cancers, metastatic cancers, melanoma, benign cerebral tumours that cause disability.
Mental and behavioural disorder: dementia, schizophrenia, depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, drug or alcohol misuse, eating disorder, autism, post-traumatic stress disorder.
Musculoskeletal disease: connective tissue disease, osteoarthritis, long-term musculoskeletal problems due to injury, osteoporosis, gout.
Digestive disease: chronic liver disease, inflammatory bowel disease, chronic pancreatic disease, peptic ulcer.
Urogenital disorder: chronic kidney disease, end-stage kidney disease, endometriosis, chronic urinary tract infection.
Haematological disorder: anaemia (including pernicious anaemia and sickle cell anaemia).
Eye disease: vision impairment that cannot be corrected.
Ear disease: a hearing impairment that cannot be corrected, Meniere’s disease.
Infectious disease: human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), chronic Lyme disease, tuberculosis, post-acute Covid-19.
Congenital disease: congenital disease or chromosomal abnormalities.
1. Unable to read or speak English to a sufficient standard to complete questionnaires or to follow instructions for sensory tests,
2. Lacks the capacity to consent to participate in the study
3. Chronic pain without multimorbidity: Has =1 of the LTCs
4. Multimorbidity without chronic pain: Has a diagnosis of chronic pain AND/OR has had persistent or recurring pain lasting >3 months
5. Controls: Has =2 of the LTCs; A diagnosis of chronic pain AND/OR has had persistent or recurring pain lasting >3 months
Study & Design
- Study Type
- Observational
- Study Design
- Not specified
- Primary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method 1. Recruitment feasibility measured per stream by calculating the overall recruitment rate (number of participants successfully recruited to the study per week) and the recruitment proportion (number of participants successfully recruited to the study divided by the number of potential participants approached) using study records at the end of the study<br>2. Acceptability measured using a modified version of an acceptability questionnaire administered to study participants at the end of the assessment session. The data will be presented as counts and proportions, with free-text comments presented as either themes or original anonymised quotes.
- Secondary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method The following outcome variables are collected at the assessment session:<br>1. Demographics measured using questionnaires<br>2. Long-term conditions measured using questionnaires<br>3. Chronic pain measured using the CAPE pain questionnaire<br>4. Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) measured using the CAPE ACE questionnaire<br>5. Medication measured using questionnaires<br>6. Quantitative sensory testing (QST) on each hand, including thermal thresholds, mechanical thresholds, vibration thresholds, pressure-pain thresholds, stimulus-response function, and wind-up ratio<br>7. Conditioned pain modulation (CPM) using the dominant hand for the test stimulus (heat pain threshold and pressure pain threshold) and the non-dominant hand for the conditioning stimulus (cold water bath at 10 C)