Prevalence of Pulmonary Hypertension in patients of Chronic Kidney Disease

The history will be collected with special attention to CKD symptoms, congestive heart failure, PH, risk factors for developing CKD, concomitant diseases, and the length of time from CKD diagnosis. CKD, heart failure, and PH clinical symptoms were evaluated. Each case will be  investigated thoroughly. The Modification of Diet in Renal Disease formula will be used to measure the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). An electrocardiogram (ECG) will be performed to search for signs of PH, right ventricular (RV) strain pattern, left ventricular (LV) strain pattern, and ischemic heart disease (IHD). The pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) will be computed using the Bernoulli equation and TR jet velocity in Doppler echocardiography. At rest, a PASP value of 35 mmHg is being considered suggestive of PH. Echocardiography will also used to assess the LV hypertrophy, dilatation, chamber size, LV systolic function and diastolic function, LV ejection fraction (EF), regional wall motion abnormality, and pericardial effusion. Comparison will be made between CKD patients with presence and absence of PH.