Effect of Calisthenic versus Aerobic Exercises on Pain, Muscle Endurance, Lumbar Lordosis and Quality of Life in Chronic Non-Specific Low Back Pain: A Randomized Clinical Trial

This randomized clinical trial aims to compare the effects of calisthenic exercises and aerobic exercises on pain, trunk muscle endurance, lumbar lordosis, and quality of life in individuals aged 18–35 years with chronic non-specific low back pain. Low back pain is a major cause of disability among young adults, often associated with reduced physical activity, poor posture, and muscle deconditioning. Exercise therapy is recommended as a first-line conservative treatment; however, the relative effectiveness of different exercise modalities remains unclear. In this study, participants will be randomly allocated into two groups. Both groups will receive conventional physiotherapy including Hot Moist Pack and Interferential Therapy. Group A will additionally perform a progressive calisthenic exercise program focusing on core stability and bodyweight strengthening, while Group B will undergo a progressive stationary bicycle aerobic exercise program. Treatment will be provided three times per week for four weeks under supervision. Outcomes will be assessed at baseline and at the end of the intervention using the Numeric Pain Rating Scale, trunk endurance tests, pelvic inclinometer for lumbar lordosis, and the Modified Oswestry Disability Questionnaire. The findings of this trial are expected to help determine the more effective exercise-based rehabilitation approach for managing chronic non-specific low back pain in young adults.