Gingival Response in Vapers during Experimental Gingivitis
Not Applicable
- Conditions
- Healthy adult, with only mild gingivitis
- Registration Number
- JPRN-UMIN000044214
- Lead Sponsor
- Dental Faculty - Universitas Padjadjaran Periodontology
- Brief Summary
In spite of similar plaque accumulation, smokers displayed less gingival responses and bleeding upon provocation, whereas vapers showed gingival response similar to those of non-smokers in the presence of nicotine/salivary cotinine
- Detailed Description
Not available
Recruitment & Eligibility
- Status
- Complete: follow-up complete
- Sex
- All
- Target Recruitment
- 15
Inclusion Criteria
Not provided
Exclusion Criteria
1. Dual user of tobacco/combustible cigarette and vape 2. Having prostheses, fixed orthodontic appliances and cervical tooth decay in lower jaw 3. Taking medications such as antibiotics, steroid or NSAID, 6 months prior to the study, 4. Having systemic conditions such as diabetes mellitus, hepatitis, HIV, TBC, CVD or kidney disorder, 5. Being pregnant or lactating, 6. Having periodontitis
Study & Design
- Study Type
- Interventional
- Study Design
- Not specified
- Primary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method
- Secondary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method