COVID-19 Vaccine Text Outreach

Not Applicable

Completed

• Conditions: Covid19
• Interventions: Behavioral: Opt-In (Call-Back); Behavioral: Phone Call; Behavioral: Opt-in (In-Bound); Behavioral: Standard Message; Behavioral: Scarcity; Behavioral: Clinician Endorsement; Behavioral: Opt-Out Framing

• Registration Number: NCT04834726
• Lead Sponsor: University of Pennsylvania

Brief Summary

This project aims to evaluate different approaches to increase COVID-19 vaccine uptake among at-risk patients at Penn Medicine in an equitable and systematic manner through a centralized outreach program. The investigators will evaluate different text-based scheduling and messaging approaches informed by behavioral science to increase uptake among eligible patients, including the use of clinician endorsement, opt-out framing, and scarcity.

Detailed Description

This project will evaluate a centralized approach to increasing COVID through direct outreach to eligible patients via text messaging. This pragmatic randomized controlled trial has the following aims:

Aim 1: To conduct systematic large scale text message outreach for vaccine delivery among a defined group of Penn Medicine in a way that advances equity.

Aim 2: To offer different scheduling workflows through text messaging that might increase uptake and reduce disparities.

Aim 3: To compare the equity and efficiency of different messages informed by behavioral science, including PCP endorsement, opt-out framing, and scarcity.

Basic Information
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Recruitment & Eligibility
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Study & Design
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Trial Locations

Study Timeline

• Study First Submitted: 2021-04-06
• Study First Submitted QC: 2021-04-06
• Study First Posted: 2021-04-08
• Study Start: 2021-04-29
• Primary Completion: 2021-06-04
• Study Completion: 2021-07-06
• Results First Submitted: 2022-03-02
• Results First Submitted QC: 2022-06-16
• Status Verified: 2023-03
• Last Update Submitted: 2023-03-23
• Results First Posted: 2023-03-24
• Last Update Posted: 2023-03-27

Recruitment & Eligibility

• Status: COMPLETED
• Sex: All
• Target Recruitment: 19554

Inclusion Criteria

• patients of Penn Medicine aged 18+ who reside in Philadelphia and who have had at least 1 visit in the past 5 years with a Penn Medicine primary care provider (PCP)

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Exclusion Criteria

• Patients who have completed any dose of the vaccine at Penn Medicine, are currently scheduled to receive the vaccine, have externally documented vaccination records, or have previously received text-message based vaccine outreach.

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Study & Design

• Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Design: FACTORIAL

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
2A: Call Back + Standard Msg	Standard Message	The message describes that the patient is eligible for the COVID vaccine. Will include a prompt to agree to scheduling. The access center will call these patients back to schedule, calling up to 3 times.
2C: Call Back + Scarcity	Scarcity	The message will highlight the limited availability and the elevated priority for the patient to receive the vaccine at Penn Medicine. Will include a prompt to agree to scheduling. The access center will call these patients back to schedule, calling up to 3 times.
2B: Call Back + Clinician Endorsement	Clinician Endorsement	The message will describe an endorsement from the provider to get the vaccination. Will include a prompt to agree to scheduling. The access center will call these patients back to schedule, calling up to 3 times.
2A: Call Back + Standard Msg	Opt-In (Call-Back)	The message describes that the patient is eligible for the COVID vaccine. Will include a prompt to agree to scheduling. The access center will call these patients back to schedule, calling up to 3 times.
1: Usual Care	Phone Call	Patients will receive a phone call to schedule their appointment from an Access Center representative. Access Center representatives will make up to 3 attempts to schedule an appointment with the patient. Patients randomized to this arm will not receive any text messaging.
2B: Call Back + Clinician Endorsement	Opt-In (Call-Back)	The message will describe an endorsement from the provider to get the vaccination. Will include a prompt to agree to scheduling. The access center will call these patients back to schedule, calling up to 3 times.
2C: Call Back + Scarcity	Opt-In (Call-Back)	The message will highlight the limited availability and the elevated priority for the patient to receive the vaccine at Penn Medicine. Will include a prompt to agree to scheduling. The access center will call these patients back to schedule, calling up to 3 times.
2D: Call Back + Opt-Out Framing	Opt-In (Call-Back)	The message will highlight that a vaccine is reserved for the patient, implying that they need to opt-outWill include a prompt to agree to scheduling. The access center will call these patients back to schedule, calling up to 3 times.
2D: Call Back + Opt-Out Framing	Opt-Out Framing	The message will highlight that a vaccine is reserved for the patient, implying that they need to opt-outWill include a prompt to agree to scheduling. The access center will call these patients back to schedule, calling up to 3 times.
3A: In-Bound Call + Standard Msg	Opt-in (In-Bound)	The message describes that the patient is eligible for the COVID vaccine. Will include a prompt to agree to scheduling, which will be followed by a prompt to call the Penn Medicine Vaccine Scheduling Hotline to schedule their vaccine appointment.
3A: In-Bound Call + Standard Msg	Standard Message	The message describes that the patient is eligible for the COVID vaccine. Will include a prompt to agree to scheduling, which will be followed by a prompt to call the Penn Medicine Vaccine Scheduling Hotline to schedule their vaccine appointment.
3B: In-Bound Call + Clinician Endorsement	Opt-in (In-Bound)	The message will describe an endorsement from the provider to get the vaccination. Will include a prompt to agree to scheduling, which will be followed by a prompt to call the Penn Medicine Vaccine Scheduling Hotline to schedule their vaccine appointment.
3B: In-Bound Call + Clinician Endorsement	Clinician Endorsement	The message will describe an endorsement from the provider to get the vaccination. Will include a prompt to agree to scheduling, which will be followed by a prompt to call the Penn Medicine Vaccine Scheduling Hotline to schedule their vaccine appointment.
3C: In-Bound Call + Scarcity	Scarcity	The message will highlight the limited availability and the elevated priority for the patient to receive the vaccine at Penn Medicine. Will include a prompt to agree to scheduling, which will be followed by a prompt to call the Penn Medicine Vaccine Scheduling Hotline to schedule their vaccine appointment.
3D: In-Bound Call + Opt-Out Framing	Opt-in (In-Bound)	The message will highlight that a vaccine is reserved for the patient, implying that they need to opt-out. Will include a prompt to agree to scheduling, which will be followed by a prompt to call the Penn Medicine Vaccine Scheduling Hotline to schedule their vaccine appointment.
3C: In-Bound Call + Scarcity	Opt-in (In-Bound)	The message will highlight the limited availability and the elevated priority for the patient to receive the vaccine at Penn Medicine. Will include a prompt to agree to scheduling, which will be followed by a prompt to call the Penn Medicine Vaccine Scheduling Hotline to schedule their vaccine appointment.
3D: In-Bound Call + Opt-Out Framing	Opt-Out Framing	The message will highlight that a vaccine is reserved for the patient, implying that they need to opt-out. Will include a prompt to agree to scheduling, which will be followed by a prompt to call the Penn Medicine Vaccine Scheduling Hotline to schedule their vaccine appointment.

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Dose 1 Completion	1 month	Percentage of patients who complete the first dose of the COVID vaccine within 1 month of initial outreach

Secondary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Vaccine Completion	2 months	Percentage of patients who complete the vaccination process within 2 months of initial outreach
Dose 1 Completion	2 months	Percentage of patients who complete the first dose of the COVID vaccine within 2 months of initial outreach

Trial Locations

Locations (1)

Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania; 🇺🇸 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States