The Effects of Electronic Cigarettes on the Microcirculation of the Hand

Not Applicable

• Conditions: Hand Injuries; Elective Hand Surgery
• Interventions: Device: No nicotine e-cigarette; Device: Low dose nicotine e-cigarette; Device: High dose nicotine e-cigarette

• Registration Number: NCT02206737
• Lead Sponsor: Chelsea and Westminster NHS Foundation Trust

Brief Summary

Cigarette smoking is associated with poor wound healing and worse results after hand surgery. Nicotine and cigarette smoke has been shown to affect blood flow in blood vessels in the hand.

Patients are increasingly using electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) as a method of quitting smoking. E-cigarettes consist of a replaceable nicotine cartridge, a heating element and a battery source. They are able to deliver vaporised nicotine in the absence of other ingredients found in normal cigarettes such as tar and carbon monoxide.

Although e-cigarettes lack a lot of the harmful ingredients of regular cigarettes, nicotine still has toxic effects on the body. Nicotine causes the release of chemicals within the body that act to reduce blood flow in small blood vessels of the hand.

E-cigarettes remain a controversial topic among healthcare professionals due to the lack of research surrounding them. A recently published literature review identified only three significant studies into the effects of smoking e-cigarettes. All of these studies showed the harmful effects of e-cigarettes on the lungs but to date, there is no published research investigating the effects of e-cigarettes on the blood flow within the small blood vessels of the hand.

Currently, we advise patients to quit smoking after they sustain a hand injury to improve healing and recent research suggests that patients should be advised to quit smoking 4 weeks before routine hand surgery. However, there is no guidance on whether we should also advice patients to refrain from using e-cigarettes for this time period.

Our aims are to answer the following questions:

1. Do electronic cigarettes have any effect on the blood flow in the hand?

2. Do we need to give cessation advice to patients with hand injuries who smoke electronic cigarettes?

Detailed Description

Not available

Study Timeline

• Status Verified: 2014-07
• Study Start: 2014-07
• Study First Submitted: 2014-07-31
• Study First Submitted QC: 2014-07-31
• Last Update Submitted: 2014-07-31
• Study First Posted: 2014-08-01
• Last Update Posted: 2014-08-01
• Primary Completion: 2014-09

Recruitment & Eligibility

• Status: UNKNOWN
• Sex: All
• Target Recruitment: 20

Inclusion Criteria

• Volunteers between 18-65yrs
• Volunteers with no co-morbidities
• Volunteers with no history of oral infections

Exclusion Criteria

• Volunteers with ongoing co-morbidities requiring medical treatment
• Volunteers with a history of oral infections e.g Herpes Simplex Virus
• Volunteers who lack capacity to consent to the study
• Volunteers who are currently on nicotine replacement therapy
• Volunteers who have had use of a cigarette or nicotine containing product within 4 hours of beginning the study
• Volunteers who have previously quit smoking

Study & Design

• Study Type: INTERVENTIONAL
• Study Design: CROSSOVER

Arm && Interventions

Group	Intervention	Description
E-Cigarette	Low dose nicotine e-cigarette	3 doses of e-cigarette to be given No nicotine Low dose nicotine High dose nicotine
E-Cigarette	High dose nicotine e-cigarette	3 doses of e-cigarette to be given No nicotine Low dose nicotine High dose nicotine
E-Cigarette	No nicotine e-cigarette	3 doses of e-cigarette to be given No nicotine Low dose nicotine High dose nicotine

Primary Outcome Measures

Name	Time	Method
Microcirculation after smoking different doses of electronic cigarettes	2 hours	Microcirculation prior to any intervention Microcirculation following inhalation of the e-cigarette with no nicotine cartridge installed (0-30 minutes) Microcirculation following inhalation of the e-cigarette with a low dose nicotine cartridge installed (0-30 minutes) Microcirculation following inhalation of the e-cigarette with a high dose nicotine cartridge installed (0-30 minutes)

Trial Locations

Locations (1)

Chelsea and Westminster Hospital; 🇬🇧 London, United Kingdom