Probiotics and Systemic Inflammation in Patients With Metabolic Syndrome and High Cardiovascular Risk
- Conditions
- Cardiovascular Risk FactorMetabolic Syndrome
- Interventions
- Dietary Supplement: PlaceboDietary Supplement: Probiotic mix
- Registration Number
- NCT04232852
- Lead Sponsor
- Attikon Hospital
- Brief Summary
Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) and cardiovascular disease are associated with systemic inflammation (SI). Activation of the mechanisms of inflammation is triggered by the inflammatory cytokines. Τhe NLRP3 inflammasome is activated by microbial-derived low molecular weight (LMW) factors, short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), pathogen-associated molecular pattern molecules (PAMPs), damage-associated molecular pattern molecules (DAMPs), and monosodium urate crystals. Probiotics can regulate inflammation in two ways: 1) indirectly, by producing SCFAs as well as increasing synthesis of antimicrobial peptides and 2) directly, by binding innate immune system receptors Toll-like (TLR 2, 4, 9) and triggering important signaling pathways associated with activation of NLRs affecting the formation of inflammasome, thus the inflammatory response.
- Detailed Description
Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is associated with low-grade systemic inflammation (SI). Activation of the mechanisms of inflammation is triggered by the inflammatory cytokines produced in the adipose tissue. Among them, IL-1β interleukin plays a central role in cardiovascular disease. The active form of IL-1β results by the conversion of its inactive precursor after an infectious/inflammatory stimulus. The Nucleotide-binding Oligomerization Domain (NOD)-like Receptor containing Pyrin domain 3 (NLRP3 or cryopyrin) inflammasome is a multiprotein complex that activates caspase 1, leading to the processing and secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β) via the NLRP3/caspase pathway. Τhe NLRP3 inflammasome is activated by microbial-derived Low Molecular Weight (LMW) factors, short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), Pathogen-associated molecular pattern molecules (PAMPs), Damage-associated molecular pattern molecules (DAMPs), and monosodium urate crystals.
It is a randomized, double-blind clinical trial in patients with MetS and cardiovascular disease. Patients will be randomized into two groups: A. those who will receive probiotic supplements and B. placebo-treated patients. Both groups will follow the usual clinical practice as far as drugs and diet concerned.
Τhe primary objective of this study is to investigate the effect of administration of the probiotic mix on IL-1β production by stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in patients at high cardiovascular risk with MetS at the end of the intervention. Secondly, to investigate the effect of probiotics on endothelial glycocalyx thickness, on hrCRP and on HbA1c levels, on the components of the MetS, on the gut microbiota at the end and 4 weeks after the completion of the intervention.
Time frame 12 weeks.
Recruitment & Eligibility
- Status
- WITHDRAWN
- Sex
- All
- Target Recruitment
- Not specified
- Patients≥50 years old, with diagnosed MetS and history of Myocardial Infarction (MI), angioplasty, acute coronary syndrome with or without angioplasty, after written consent.
- MetS syndrome defined by fulfilling at least 3 of the 5 following criteria: (NCEP-ATP-III) and "at high cardiovascular risk" as aforementioned.
- Body Mass Index (BMI) ≥ 40 (morbid obesity - difficult to manage, comorbidities)
- Probiotic intake three months prior to intervention
- Antibiotic intake three months prior to intervention
- Presence of inflammatory disease
- Inability to comply with study procedures
Study & Design
- Study Type
- INTERVENTIONAL
- Study Design
- PARALLEL
- Arm && Interventions
Group Intervention Description Placebo supplement Placebo Demographics, anthropometric measurements (weight, height, waist circumference, BMI) will be recorded, clinical data related to the patient's cardiovascular risk (MI with or without angioplasty, acute coronary syndrome with or without angioplasty). Systolic and diastolic pressure will be measured before and after the 12-week intervention. Patients of this group will receive an identical capsule of maltodextrin (placebo). During the intervention, participants will follow their eating habits as well as the physical activity of their personal routine, with the advice not to consume fermented dairy products. Probiotics Probiotic mix Demographics, anthropometric measurements (weight, height, waist circumference, BMI) will be recorded, clinical data related to the patient's cardiovascular risk (MI with or without angioplasty, acute coronary syndrome with or without angioplasty). Systolic and diastolic pressure will be measured before and after the 12-week intervention. This group will receive a probiotic mix, which will contain strains of Streptococcus thermophilus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Lactobacillus acidophilus, L. rhamnosus L. helveticus, L. gasseri, L. plantarum, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Enterococcus faecium at a daily dose of 7 × 1010 CFU in the form of a capsule. During the intervention, participants will follow their eating habits as well as the physical activity of their personal routine, with the advice not to consume fermented dairy products.
- Primary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method IL-1β production by stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells. 12 weeks We will measure IL-1β concentrations in cell supernatants and consequently the NLRP3 inflammasome activation via the alteration in cytokine production in the presence of a different stimulants.
TNFα expression 12 weeks Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) will be used to quantify gene expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα)
Caspase 1 (CASP1) expression 12 weeks Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) will be used to quantify CASΡ-1 as a key modulator of IL-1b bioactivity.
- Secondary Outcome Measures
Name Time Method Glycocalyx thikness. 12 weeks The Perfused Boundary Region (PBR) of the hypoglossal vessels will be calculated using a high-resolution special lens using the Sideview DarkField (SDF) Imaging technique (Microscan, Glucockeck).
Alterations in gut microbiota 12 weeks Stool specimen will be collected before and after intervention. Stool samples will be frozen (-80 ° C) immediately after collection, in order to study changes in the gut microbiota by the technique of deep sequencing at a second time.
Change of biochemical exams related to MetS 12 weeks Insulin resistance (IR) will be quantified using the HOMA-IR index (HOmeostatic Model Assessment, HOMA-IR index), calculated as the product of fasting plasma insulin. Blood lipids (Total Cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C, TRG) will be measured by enzymatic methods.
Alterations of hsCRP levels. 12 weeks Hs-CRP will be measured by the Immunoturbidimetry method with a polyclonal antibody.
Alterations of HbA1C 12 weeks HbA1C will be measured by the HPLC.
Trial Locations
- Locations (1)
Attikon University General Hospital
🇬🇷Athens, Greece